ZnO:Ga-graded ITO electrodes to control interface between PCBM and ITO in planar perovskite solar cells

Hae Jun Seok; Azmat Ali; Jung Hwa Seo; Hyun Hwi Lee; Na Eun Jung; Yeonjin Yi; Han Ki Kim

doi:10.1080/14686996.2019.1599695

ZnO:Ga-graded ITO electrodes to control interface between PCBM and ITO in planar perovskite solar cells

Hae Jun Seok, Azmat Ali, Jung Hwa Seo, Hyun Hwi Lee, Na Eun Jung, Yeonjin Yi, Han Ki Kim

Department of Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

22 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Ga-doped ZnO (GZO)-graded layer, facilitating electron extraction from electron transport layer, was integrated on the surface of transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) cathode by using graded sputtering technique to improve the performance of planar n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The thickness of graded GZO layer was controlled to optimize GZO–indium tin oxide (ITO) combined electrode for planar n-i-p PSCs. At optimized graded thickness of 15 nm, the GZO–ITO combined electrode showed an optical transmittance of 95%, a resistivity of 2.3 × 10⁻⁴ Ohm cm, a sheet resistance of 15.6 Ohm/square, and work function of 4.23 eV, which is well matched with the 4.0-eV lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of [6,6]-phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester. Owing to enhanced extraction of electron by the graded GZO, the n-i-p PSC with GZO–ITO combined electrode showed higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.67% than the PCE (5.25%) of PSC with only ITO electrode without GZO-graded layer. In addition, the GZO integrated-ITO electrode acts as transparent electrode and electron extraction layer simultaneously due to graded mixing of the GZO at the surface region of ITO electrode.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	389-400
Number of pages	12
Journal	Science and Technology of Advanced Materials
Volume	20
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2019.1599695
Publication status	Published - 2019 Dec 31

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea: [Grant Number 20163010012200] and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea Government (MSIP): [Grant Number 2018R1A2B2003826]. This study also received partial support from Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) [Grant Number : CX72170049].

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, © 2019 The Author(s). Published by National Institute for Materials Science in partnership with Taylor & Francis Group.

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Materials Science(all)

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10.1080/14686996.2019.1599695

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title = "ZnO:Ga-graded ITO electrodes to control interface between PCBM and ITO in planar perovskite solar cells",

abstract = "Ga-doped ZnO (GZO)-graded layer, facilitating electron extraction from electron transport layer, was integrated on the surface of transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) cathode by using graded sputtering technique to improve the performance of planar n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The thickness of graded GZO layer was controlled to optimize GZO–indium tin oxide (ITO) combined electrode for planar n-i-p PSCs. At optimized graded thickness of 15 nm, the GZO–ITO combined electrode showed an optical transmittance of 95%, a resistivity of 2.3 × 10−4 Ohm cm, a sheet resistance of 15.6 Ohm/square, and work function of 4.23 eV, which is well matched with the 4.0-eV lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester. Owing to enhanced extraction of electron by the graded GZO, the n-i-p PSC with GZO–ITO combined electrode showed higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.67% than the PCE (5.25%) of PSC with only ITO electrode without GZO-graded layer. In addition, the GZO integrated-ITO electrode acts as transparent electrode and electron extraction layer simultaneously due to graded mixing of the GZO at the surface region of ITO electrode.",

author = "Seok, {Hae Jun} and Azmat Ali and Seo, {Jung Hwa} and Lee, {Hyun Hwi} and Jung, {Na Eun} and Yeonjin Yi and Kim, {Han Ki}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea: [Grant Number 20163010012200] and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea Government (MSIP): [Grant Number 2018R1A2B2003826]. This study also received partial support from Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) [Grant Number : CX72170049]. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, {\textcopyright} 2019 The Author(s). Published by National Institute for Materials Science in partnership with Taylor & Francis Group.",

year = "2019",

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doi = "10.1080/14686996.2019.1599695",

language = "English",

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T1 - ZnO:Ga-graded ITO electrodes to control interface between PCBM and ITO in planar perovskite solar cells

AU - Seok, Hae Jun

AU - Ali, Azmat

AU - Seo, Jung Hwa

AU - Lee, Hyun Hwi

AU - Jung, Na Eun

AU - Yi, Yeonjin

AU - Kim, Han Ki

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea: [Grant Number 20163010012200] and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea Government (MSIP): [Grant Number 2018R1A2B2003826]. This study also received partial support from Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) [Grant Number : CX72170049]. Publisher Copyright: © 2019, © 2019 The Author(s). Published by National Institute for Materials Science in partnership with Taylor & Francis Group.

PY - 2019/12/31

Y1 - 2019/12/31

N2 - Ga-doped ZnO (GZO)-graded layer, facilitating electron extraction from electron transport layer, was integrated on the surface of transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) cathode by using graded sputtering technique to improve the performance of planar n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The thickness of graded GZO layer was controlled to optimize GZO–indium tin oxide (ITO) combined electrode for planar n-i-p PSCs. At optimized graded thickness of 15 nm, the GZO–ITO combined electrode showed an optical transmittance of 95%, a resistivity of 2.3 × 10−4 Ohm cm, a sheet resistance of 15.6 Ohm/square, and work function of 4.23 eV, which is well matched with the 4.0-eV lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester. Owing to enhanced extraction of electron by the graded GZO, the n-i-p PSC with GZO–ITO combined electrode showed higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.67% than the PCE (5.25%) of PSC with only ITO electrode without GZO-graded layer. In addition, the GZO integrated-ITO electrode acts as transparent electrode and electron extraction layer simultaneously due to graded mixing of the GZO at the surface region of ITO electrode.

AB - Ga-doped ZnO (GZO)-graded layer, facilitating electron extraction from electron transport layer, was integrated on the surface of transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) cathode by using graded sputtering technique to improve the performance of planar n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The thickness of graded GZO layer was controlled to optimize GZO–indium tin oxide (ITO) combined electrode for planar n-i-p PSCs. At optimized graded thickness of 15 nm, the GZO–ITO combined electrode showed an optical transmittance of 95%, a resistivity of 2.3 × 10−4 Ohm cm, a sheet resistance of 15.6 Ohm/square, and work function of 4.23 eV, which is well matched with the 4.0-eV lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester. Owing to enhanced extraction of electron by the graded GZO, the n-i-p PSC with GZO–ITO combined electrode showed higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.67% than the PCE (5.25%) of PSC with only ITO electrode without GZO-graded layer. In addition, the GZO integrated-ITO electrode acts as transparent electrode and electron extraction layer simultaneously due to graded mixing of the GZO at the surface region of ITO electrode.

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EP - 400

JO - Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

JF - Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

IS - 1

ER -

ZnO:Ga-graded ITO electrodes to control interface between PCBM and ITO in planar perovskite solar cells

Abstract

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