Weak-lensing detection at z ∼ 1.3: Measurement of the two Lynx clusters with the advanced camera for surveys

We present a Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) weak-lensing study of RX J0849+4452 and RX J0848+4453, the two most distant (at z = 1.26 and 1.27, respectively) clusters yet measured with weak lensing. The two clusters are separated by ∼4′ from each other and appear to form a supercluster in the Lynx field. Using our deep ACS i₇₇₅ and z ₈₅₀ imaging, we detected weak-lensing signals around both clusters at ∼4 σ levels. The mass distribution indicated by the reconstruction map is in good spatial agreement with the cluster galaxies. From the singular isothermal sphere (SIS) fitting, we determined that RX J0849+4452 and RX J0848+4453 have similar projected masses of (2.0 ± 0.6) × 10 ¹⁴ and (2.1 ± 0.7) × 10¹⁴ M_odot;, respectively, within a 0.5 Mpc (∼60″) aperture radius. In order to compare the weak-lensing measurements with the X-ray results calibrated by the most recent low-energy quantum efficiency determination and time-dependent gain correction, we also reanalyzed the archival Chandra data and obtained T _X = 3.8_-0.7^+1.3 and 1.7_0.4 ^0.7 keV for RX J0849+4452 and RX J0848+4453, respectively. Combined with the X-ray surface brightness profile measurement under the assumption of an isothermal β-model, the temperature of RX J0849+ 4452 predicts that the projected mass of the cluster within r = 0.5 Mpc is 2.3_0.4 ^+0.4 × 10¹⁴ M_⊙, consistent with the weak-lensing analysis. On the other hand, for RX J0848+4453 we find that the mass derived from this X-ray analysis is much smaller (6.3_1.5 ^2.6 × 10¹³ M_odot;) than the weak-lensing measurement.