Ultrafast refractive index control of a terahertz graphene metamaterial

Seung Hoon Lee; Jeongmook Choi; Hyeon Don Kim; Hyunyong Choi; Bumki Min

doi:10.1038/srep02135

Ultrafast refractive index control of a terahertz graphene metamaterial

Seung Hoon Lee, Jeongmook Choi, Hyeon Don Kim, Hyunyong Choi, Bumki Min

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

52 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Modulation of the refractive index of materials is elementary, yet it is crucial for the manipulation of electromagnetic waves. Relying on the inherent properties of natural materials, it has been a long-standing challenge in device engineering to increase the index-modulation contrast. Here, we demonstrate a significant amount of ultrafast index modulation by optically exciting non-equilibrium Dirac fermions in the graphene layer integrated onto a high-index metamaterial. Furthermore, an extremely-large electrical modulation of refractive index up to Δn ~ -3.4 (at 0.69 THz) is achieved by electrical tuning of the density of the equilibrium Dirac fermion in the graphene metamaterial. This manifestation, otherwise remaining elusive in conventional semiconductor devices, fully exploits the characteristic ultrafast charge relaxation in graphene as well as the strong capacitive response of the metamaterial, both of which enable us to drastically increase the light-matter interaction of graphene and the corresponding index contrast in the graphene metamaterials.

Original language	English
Article number	2135
Journal	Scientific reports
Volume	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/srep02135
Publication status	Published - 2013

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The work at KAIST (S.H.L., H.-D.K. and B.M.) was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. 2012-0001981, 2012-0006653, 2012-0008746, 2012-0000545, and 2012-054188) and the World Class Institute (WCI) Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea (MEST). (NRF Grant Number: WCI 2011-001). The work at Yonsei (J. C. and H. C.) was supported by Basic Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (No. 2011-0013255), the NRF grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) (NRF-2011-220-D00052, No.2011-0028594, No.2011-0032019) and the LG Display academic industrial cooperation program.

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abstract = "Modulation of the refractive index of materials is elementary, yet it is crucial for the manipulation of electromagnetic waves. Relying on the inherent properties of natural materials, it has been a long-standing challenge in device engineering to increase the index-modulation contrast. Here, we demonstrate a significant amount of ultrafast index modulation by optically exciting non-equilibrium Dirac fermions in the graphene layer integrated onto a high-index metamaterial. Furthermore, an extremely-large electrical modulation of refractive index up to Δn ~ -3.4 (at 0.69 THz) is achieved by electrical tuning of the density of the equilibrium Dirac fermion in the graphene metamaterial. This manifestation, otherwise remaining elusive in conventional semiconductor devices, fully exploits the characteristic ultrafast charge relaxation in graphene as well as the strong capacitive response of the metamaterial, both of which enable us to drastically increase the light-matter interaction of graphene and the corresponding index contrast in the graphene metamaterials.",

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note = "Funding Information: The work at KAIST (S.H.L., H.-D.K. and B.M.) was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. 2012-0001981, 2012-0006653, 2012-0008746, 2012-0000545, and 2012-054188) and the World Class Institute (WCI) Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea (MEST). (NRF Grant Number: WCI 2011-001). The work at Yonsei (J. C. and H. C.) was supported by Basic Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (No. 2011-0013255), the NRF grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) (NRF-2011-220-D00052, No.2011-0028594, No.2011-0032019) and the LG Display academic industrial cooperation program.",

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Ultrafast refractive index control of a terahertz graphene metamaterial

Abstract

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