Titanium oxide layer with micro and nano tubes on titanium substrate

The formation of titanium oxide layer with micro and nanotube arrays on titanium substrate was investigated by grit-blasting and anodic oxidation treatment. Micro rough surface can be formed by grit-blasting and nanotube arrays can be formed by anodic oxidation. The morphology of the hybrid surface(micro and nanotube arrays surface) can be affected by the mechanical conditions (grit size, grit material, blasting pressure, nozzle tip of blasting machine, distance nozzle tip and specimen, blasting time) and electrochemical conditions (applied potential, electrolyte concentration and anodizing time) used. Such micro pore and nanotube arrays of titanium oxide can be useful for well-adhered bioactive surface layer on Ti implant metals for orthopedic and dental implants, as well as for photo catalysts and other sensor applications.