The VISION – Concept of laser crosslink systems using nanosatellites in formation flying

Spaceborne data can be seamlessly handled using a laser-communication system that enables super-high-speed data transfers, greater than or equal to 1 Gbps, and provides size, weight, and power (SWaP) efficiencies at low costs. Laser-communication systems have garnered attention owing to their ability to enhance SWaP efficiencies, and thus they may complement or potentially replace traditional radio frequency (RF) systems in future space networks. Here, we propose a novel space-to-space laser communication system, called very-high-speed inter-satellite link system using infrared optical terminal and nanosatellite (VISION). This study aims to establish and validate laser-crosslink systems and advanced space technologies using two 6U nanosatellites in formation flying. The payload is a laser-communication terminal (LCT) containing a deployable space telescope. The LCT shares beam paths for communication as well as pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) with a single aperture, thereby providing feedback control for the PAT and help mitigate steady-state beam pointing errors. The nanosatellites include a precise formation-flying guidance, navigation, and control system with an S-band RF crosslink and propulsion system. Each nanosatellite is equipped with a propulsion system that can change its inter-satellite ranges rapidly and accurately based on the mission operation scenarios. LCT payload prototypes are constructed, and the PAT system is evaluated using a testbed. Additionally, the components of the nanosatellite bus are electrically integrated for flatsat testing. The proposed laser-crosslink systems are anticipated to contribute to the establishment of high-speed and secure space-to-space networks at low costs in the forthcoming years.