Robust opposite-changing tendency between the thermal advection damping by mean current and thermo-dynamical damping of ENSO Feedback in a changing climate

Soon Il An; Eun Sook Heo

doi:10.1002/joc.6176

Robust opposite-changing tendency between the thermal advection damping by mean current and thermo-dynamical damping of ENSO Feedback in a changing climate

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Abstract

The tropical Pacific climate state response to both the 21st-century greenhouse gas forcing and orbital forcing on a glacial–interglacial timescale tends to resemble either an El Niño- or La Niña-like pattern. This study reveals that so long as an El Niño- or La Niña-like change in the tropical climate state occurs, changes in two important negative feedback components of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system, dynamical damping by mean thermal advection (MA) and thermo-dynamical damping (TD), largely offset each other. For example, under the El Niño-like condition, weaker trade winds due to a relaxed zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient reduce the mean zonal and meridional currents in the equatorial Pacific oceanic mixed layer, causing a reduction in MA, while wider expansion and enhanced activity of climatological convective clouds due to a warmer ocean surface intensifies negative SST-cloud-shortwave feedback. As a result, a change in ENSO activity in changing climate is mainly ruled out not by the change in negative feedback effect, but by the change in positive feedback effect.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	5822-5829
Number of pages	8
Journal	International Journal of Climatology
Volume	39
Issue number	15
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6176
Publication status	Published - 2019 Dec 1

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
information National Research Foundation of Korea, Grant/Award Number: NRF-2017K1A3A7A03087790, NRF-2018R1A5A1024958This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Programme through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2017K1A3A7A03087790, NRF-2018R1A5A1024958). We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups (listed in Table of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy‘s Programme for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and leads the development of the software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Royal Meteorological Society

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Atmospheric Science

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1002/joc.6176

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title = "Robust opposite-changing tendency between the thermal advection damping by mean current and thermo-dynamical damping of ENSO Feedback in a changing climate",

abstract = "The tropical Pacific climate state response to both the 21st-century greenhouse gas forcing and orbital forcing on a glacial–interglacial timescale tends to resemble either an El Ni{\~n}o- or La Ni{\~n}a-like pattern. This study reveals that so long as an El Ni{\~n}o- or La Ni{\~n}a-like change in the tropical climate state occurs, changes in two important negative feedback components of the El Ni{\~n}o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system, dynamical damping by mean thermal advection (MA) and thermo-dynamical damping (TD), largely offset each other. For example, under the El Ni{\~n}o-like condition, weaker trade winds due to a relaxed zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient reduce the mean zonal and meridional currents in the equatorial Pacific oceanic mixed layer, causing a reduction in MA, while wider expansion and enhanced activity of climatological convective clouds due to a warmer ocean surface intensifies negative SST-cloud-shortwave feedback. As a result, a change in ENSO activity in changing climate is mainly ruled out not by the change in negative feedback effect, but by the change in positive feedback effect.",

author = "An, {Soon Il} and Heo, {Eun Sook}",

note = "Funding Information: information National Research Foundation of Korea, Grant/Award Number: NRF-2017K1A3A7A03087790, NRF-2018R1A5A1024958This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Programme through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2017K1A3A7A03087790, NRF-2018R1A5A1024958). We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups (listed in Table of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy{\textquoteleft}s Programme for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and leads the development of the software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Royal Meteorological Society",

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doi = "10.1002/joc.6176",

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AU - An, Soon Il

AU - Heo, Eun Sook

N1 - Funding Information: information National Research Foundation of Korea, Grant/Award Number: NRF-2017K1A3A7A03087790, NRF-2018R1A5A1024958This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Programme through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2017K1A3A7A03087790, NRF-2018R1A5A1024958). We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups (listed in Table of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy‘s Programme for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and leads the development of the software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 Royal Meteorological Society

PY - 2019/12/1

Y1 - 2019/12/1

N2 - The tropical Pacific climate state response to both the 21st-century greenhouse gas forcing and orbital forcing on a glacial–interglacial timescale tends to resemble either an El Niño- or La Niña-like pattern. This study reveals that so long as an El Niño- or La Niña-like change in the tropical climate state occurs, changes in two important negative feedback components of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system, dynamical damping by mean thermal advection (MA) and thermo-dynamical damping (TD), largely offset each other. For example, under the El Niño-like condition, weaker trade winds due to a relaxed zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient reduce the mean zonal and meridional currents in the equatorial Pacific oceanic mixed layer, causing a reduction in MA, while wider expansion and enhanced activity of climatological convective clouds due to a warmer ocean surface intensifies negative SST-cloud-shortwave feedback. As a result, a change in ENSO activity in changing climate is mainly ruled out not by the change in negative feedback effect, but by the change in positive feedback effect.

AB - The tropical Pacific climate state response to both the 21st-century greenhouse gas forcing and orbital forcing on a glacial–interglacial timescale tends to resemble either an El Niño- or La Niña-like pattern. This study reveals that so long as an El Niño- or La Niña-like change in the tropical climate state occurs, changes in two important negative feedback components of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system, dynamical damping by mean thermal advection (MA) and thermo-dynamical damping (TD), largely offset each other. For example, under the El Niño-like condition, weaker trade winds due to a relaxed zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient reduce the mean zonal and meridional currents in the equatorial Pacific oceanic mixed layer, causing a reduction in MA, while wider expansion and enhanced activity of climatological convective clouds due to a warmer ocean surface intensifies negative SST-cloud-shortwave feedback. As a result, a change in ENSO activity in changing climate is mainly ruled out not by the change in negative feedback effect, but by the change in positive feedback effect.

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Robust opposite-changing tendency between the thermal advection damping by mean current and thermo-dynamical damping of ENSO Feedback in a changing climate

Abstract

Bibliographical note

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

UN SDGs

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