Polyethylenimine-Mediated Electrostatic Assembly of MnO₂ Nanorods on Graphene Oxides for Use as Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

In recent years, the development of electrochemically active materials with excellent lithium storage capacity has attracted tremendous attention for application in high-performance lithium-ion batteries. MnO₂-based composite materials have been recognized as one of promising candidates owing to their high theoretical capacity and cost-effectiveness. In this study, a previously unrecognized chemical method is proposed to induce intra-stacked assembly from MnO₂ nanorods and graphene oxide (GO), which is incorporated as an electrically conductive medium and a structural template, through polyethylenimine (PEI)-derived electrostatic modulation between both constituent materials. It is revealed that PEI, a cationic polyelectrolyte, is capable of effectively forming hierarchical, two-dimensional MnO₂-RGO composites, enabling highly reversible capacities of 880, 770, 630, and 460 mA·h/g at current densities of 0.1, 1, 3, and 5 A/g, respectively. The role of PEI in electrostatically assembled composite materials is clarified through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy-based comparative analysis.