Origin of early-spring central Pacific warming as the 1982–1983 El Niño precursor

Ji Won Kim; Soon Il An

doi:10.1002/joc.5465

Origin of early-spring central Pacific warming as the 1982–1983 El Niño precursor

Ji Won Kim, Soon Il An

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The extreme El Niño events, such as those which occurred in 1982–1983, 1997–1998, and 2015–2016, exerted devastating impacts in many parts of the globe. Hence, it is crucial to understand the precursors of such extreme events. Nevertheless, each El Niño event has its own characteristics even in the initiation. Here, we show that the development of early-spring equatorial central Pacific warming forced by the increased solar radiation due to a suppressed convection was a crucial factor in developing the 1982–1983 extreme El Niño event. The central Pacific warming anomalies in the spring of 1982 were induced by atmospheric subsidence connected to the northern subtropical Pacific convection, subsequently reinforced by a reduced evaporative cooling via westerly anomalies. On the other hand, springtime warming anomalies over the equatorial central and eastern Pacific regions during other extreme El Niño events were induced mainly by oceanic dynamical processes.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2899-2906
Number of pages	8
Journal	International Journal of Climatology
Volume	38
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5465
Publication status	Published - 2018 May

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
National Research Foundation of Korea, Grant/ Award Number: 2017R1A2A2A05069383

Funding Information:
information National Research Foundation of Korea, Grant/Award Number: 2017R1A2A2A05069383Authors recognize S.-W. Yeh, W. Cai, and Y.-G. Ham in appreciation for their comments during the developing phase of this work and E. Seo for his support with pre-processing of the JRA-55 data. This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (No. 2017R1A2A2A05069383). Authors appreciate all data providers, which can be found at the following addresses: ERSSTv4 at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.noaa.ersst.v4.html, SODAv2.2.4 at http://sodaserver.tamu.edu/assim/SODA_2.2.4/, GODAS at http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/GODAS/, NCEP R1 at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.html, JRA-55 at http://jra.kishou.go.jp/JRA-55/index_en.html, MERRA at http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/, NOAA interpolated OLR at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.interp_OLR.html, GPCPv2.3 at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.gpcp.html

Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Royal Meteorological Society

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Atmospheric Science

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10.1002/joc.5465

Cite this

@article{2dbfed1d9be84778be7314f8baad60d8,

title = "Origin of early-spring central Pacific warming as the 1982–1983 El Ni{\~n}o precursor",

abstract = "The extreme El Ni{\~n}o events, such as those which occurred in 1982–1983, 1997–1998, and 2015–2016, exerted devastating impacts in many parts of the globe. Hence, it is crucial to understand the precursors of such extreme events. Nevertheless, each El Ni{\~n}o event has its own characteristics even in the initiation. Here, we show that the development of early-spring equatorial central Pacific warming forced by the increased solar radiation due to a suppressed convection was a crucial factor in developing the 1982–1983 extreme El Ni{\~n}o event. The central Pacific warming anomalies in the spring of 1982 were induced by atmospheric subsidence connected to the northern subtropical Pacific convection, subsequently reinforced by a reduced evaporative cooling via westerly anomalies. On the other hand, springtime warming anomalies over the equatorial central and eastern Pacific regions during other extreme El Ni{\~n}o events were induced mainly by oceanic dynamical processes.",

author = "Kim, {Ji Won} and An, {Soon Il}",

note = "Funding Information: National Research Foundation of Korea, Grant/ Award Number: 2017R1A2A2A05069383 Funding Information: information National Research Foundation of Korea, Grant/Award Number: 2017R1A2A2A05069383Authors recognize S.-W. Yeh, W. Cai, and Y.-G. Ham in appreciation for their comments during the developing phase of this work and E. Seo for his support with pre-processing of the JRA-55 data. This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (No. 2017R1A2A2A05069383). Authors appreciate all data providers, which can be found at the following addresses: ERSSTv4 at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.noaa.ersst.v4.html, SODAv2.2.4 at http://sodaserver.tamu.edu/assim/SODA_2.2.4/, GODAS at http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/GODAS/, NCEP R1 at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.html, JRA-55 at http://jra.kishou.go.jp/JRA-55/index_en.html, MERRA at http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/, NOAA interpolated OLR at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.interp_OLR.html, GPCPv2.3 at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.gpcp.html Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Royal Meteorological Society",

year = "2018",

month = may,

doi = "10.1002/joc.5465",

language = "English",

volume = "38",

pages = "2899--2906",

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AU - Kim, Ji Won

AU - An, Soon Il

N1 - Funding Information: National Research Foundation of Korea, Grant/ Award Number: 2017R1A2A2A05069383 Funding Information: information National Research Foundation of Korea, Grant/Award Number: 2017R1A2A2A05069383Authors recognize S.-W. Yeh, W. Cai, and Y.-G. Ham in appreciation for their comments during the developing phase of this work and E. Seo for his support with pre-processing of the JRA-55 data. This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (No. 2017R1A2A2A05069383). Authors appreciate all data providers, which can be found at the following addresses: ERSSTv4 at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.noaa.ersst.v4.html, SODAv2.2.4 at http://sodaserver.tamu.edu/assim/SODA_2.2.4/, GODAS at http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/GODAS/, NCEP R1 at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.html, JRA-55 at http://jra.kishou.go.jp/JRA-55/index_en.html, MERRA at http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/, NOAA interpolated OLR at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.interp_OLR.html, GPCPv2.3 at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.gpcp.html Publisher Copyright: © 2018 Royal Meteorological Society

PY - 2018/5

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N2 - The extreme El Niño events, such as those which occurred in 1982–1983, 1997–1998, and 2015–2016, exerted devastating impacts in many parts of the globe. Hence, it is crucial to understand the precursors of such extreme events. Nevertheless, each El Niño event has its own characteristics even in the initiation. Here, we show that the development of early-spring equatorial central Pacific warming forced by the increased solar radiation due to a suppressed convection was a crucial factor in developing the 1982–1983 extreme El Niño event. The central Pacific warming anomalies in the spring of 1982 were induced by atmospheric subsidence connected to the northern subtropical Pacific convection, subsequently reinforced by a reduced evaporative cooling via westerly anomalies. On the other hand, springtime warming anomalies over the equatorial central and eastern Pacific regions during other extreme El Niño events were induced mainly by oceanic dynamical processes.

AB - The extreme El Niño events, such as those which occurred in 1982–1983, 1997–1998, and 2015–2016, exerted devastating impacts in many parts of the globe. Hence, it is crucial to understand the precursors of such extreme events. Nevertheless, each El Niño event has its own characteristics even in the initiation. Here, we show that the development of early-spring equatorial central Pacific warming forced by the increased solar radiation due to a suppressed convection was a crucial factor in developing the 1982–1983 extreme El Niño event. The central Pacific warming anomalies in the spring of 1982 were induced by atmospheric subsidence connected to the northern subtropical Pacific convection, subsequently reinforced by a reduced evaporative cooling via westerly anomalies. On the other hand, springtime warming anomalies over the equatorial central and eastern Pacific regions during other extreme El Niño events were induced mainly by oceanic dynamical processes.

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JO - Journal of Climatology

JF - Journal of Climatology

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ER -

Origin of early-spring central Pacific warming as the 1982–1983 El Niño precursor

Abstract

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