Optical-to-microwave frequency comparison with fractional uncertainty of 10-15

J. E. Stalnaker; S. A. Diddams; T. M. Fortier; K. Kim; L. Hollberg; J. C. Bergquist; W. M. Itano; M. J. Delany; L. Lorini; W. H. Oskay; T. P. Heavner; S. R. Jefferts; F. Levi; T. E. Parker; J. Shirley

doi:10.1007/s00340-007-2762-z

Optical-to-microwave frequency comparison with fractional uncertainty of 10^-15

J. E. Stalnaker, S. A. Diddams, T. M. Fortier, K. Kim, L. Hollberg, J. C. Bergquist, W. M. Itano, M. J. Delany, L. Lorini, W. H. Oskay, T. P. Heavner, S. R. Jefferts, F. Levi, T. E. Parker, J. Shirley

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

50 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We report the technical aspects of the optical-to-microwave comparison for our recent measurements of the optical frequency of the mercury single-ion frequency standard in terms of the SI second as realized by the NIST-F1 cesium fountain clock. Over the course of six years, these measurements have resulted in a determination of the mercury single-ion frequency with a fractional uncertainty of less than 7×10^-16, making it the most accurately measured optical frequency to date. In this paper, we focus on the details of the comparison techniques used in the experiment and discuss the uncertainties associated with the optical-to-microwave synthesis based on a femtosecond laser frequency comb. We also present our most recent results in the context of the previous measurements of the mercury single-ion frequency and arrive at a final determination of the mercury single-ion optical frequency: f(Hg ⁺)=1∈064∈721∈609∈899∈145.30(69)∈Hz.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	167-176
Number of pages	10
Journal	Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics
Volume	89
Issue number	2-3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-007-2762-z
Publication status	Published - 2007 Nov

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)
Physics and Astronomy(all)

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Stalnaker, J. E., Diddams, S. A., Fortier, T. M., Kim, K., Hollberg, L., Bergquist, J. C., Itano, W. M., Delany, M. J., Lorini, L., Oskay, W. H., Heavner, T. P., Jefferts, S. R., Levi, F., Parker, T. E., & Shirley, J. (2007). Optical-to-microwave frequency comparison with fractional uncertainty of 10^-15. Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, 89(2-3), 167-176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-007-2762-z

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title = "Optical-to-microwave frequency comparison with fractional uncertainty of 10-15",

abstract = "We report the technical aspects of the optical-to-microwave comparison for our recent measurements of the optical frequency of the mercury single-ion frequency standard in terms of the SI second as realized by the NIST-F1 cesium fountain clock. Over the course of six years, these measurements have resulted in a determination of the mercury single-ion frequency with a fractional uncertainty of less than 7×10-16, making it the most accurately measured optical frequency to date. In this paper, we focus on the details of the comparison techniques used in the experiment and discuss the uncertainties associated with the optical-to-microwave synthesis based on a femtosecond laser frequency comb. We also present our most recent results in the context of the previous measurements of the mercury single-ion frequency and arrive at a final determination of the mercury single-ion optical frequency: f(Hg +)=1∈064∈721∈609∈899∈145.30(69)∈Hz.",

author = "Stalnaker, {J. E.} and Diddams, {S. A.} and Fortier, {T. M.} and K. Kim and L. Hollberg and Bergquist, {J. C.} and Itano, {W. M.} and Delany, {M. J.} and L. Lorini and Oskay, {W. H.} and Heavner, {T. P.} and Jefferts, {S. R.} and F. Levi and Parker, {T. E.} and J. Shirley",

year = "2007",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1007/s00340-007-2762-z",

language = "English",

volume = "89",

pages = "167--176",

journal = "Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics",

issn = "0946-2171",

publisher = "Springer Verlag",

number = "2-3",

}

Stalnaker, JE, Diddams, SA, Fortier, TM, Kim, K, Hollberg, L, Bergquist, JC, Itano, WM, Delany, MJ, Lorini, L, Oskay, WH, Heavner, TP, Jefferts, SR, Levi, F, Parker, TE & Shirley, J 2007, 'Optical-to-microwave frequency comparison with fractional uncertainty of 10^-15', Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, vol. 89, no. 2-3, pp. 167-176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-007-2762-z

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T1 - Optical-to-microwave frequency comparison with fractional uncertainty of 10-15

AU - Stalnaker, J. E.

AU - Diddams, S. A.

AU - Fortier, T. M.

AU - Kim, K.

AU - Hollberg, L.

AU - Bergquist, J. C.

AU - Itano, W. M.

AU - Delany, M. J.

AU - Lorini, L.

AU - Oskay, W. H.

AU - Heavner, T. P.

AU - Jefferts, S. R.

AU - Levi, F.

AU - Parker, T. E.

AU - Shirley, J.

PY - 2007/11

Y1 - 2007/11

N2 - We report the technical aspects of the optical-to-microwave comparison for our recent measurements of the optical frequency of the mercury single-ion frequency standard in terms of the SI second as realized by the NIST-F1 cesium fountain clock. Over the course of six years, these measurements have resulted in a determination of the mercury single-ion frequency with a fractional uncertainty of less than 7×10-16, making it the most accurately measured optical frequency to date. In this paper, we focus on the details of the comparison techniques used in the experiment and discuss the uncertainties associated with the optical-to-microwave synthesis based on a femtosecond laser frequency comb. We also present our most recent results in the context of the previous measurements of the mercury single-ion frequency and arrive at a final determination of the mercury single-ion optical frequency: f(Hg +)=1∈064∈721∈609∈899∈145.30(69)∈Hz.

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IS - 2-3

ER -

Optical-to-microwave frequency comparison with fractional uncertainty of 10^-15

Abstract

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