On the Role of Leaf Area Index Parameterization in Simulating the Terrestrial Carbon Fluxes of Africa Using a Regional Coupled Climate–Vegetation Model †

In this study, the Regional Climate Model version 4 (RegCM4) coupled with the Community Land Model version 4.5 (CLM45) including a module of carbon–nitrogen cycling (CN) (RegCM4-CLM45-CN) was used to examine the sensitivity of the terrestrial carbon fluxes of Africa to leaf area index (LAI) parameterization. Two LAI formulas were implemented in CLM45-CN. The new LAI formula is based on a modified BioGeochemical Cycles ecosystem model. The two simulations were designated as LAIorg and LAImod, respectively, they both shared the same initial and lateral boundary conditions, and they were evaluated concerning reanalysis products and FLUXNET measurements. In LAIorg, the above-ground terrestrial carbon fluxes were overestimated to the reanalysis products, which were also noted for the below-ground terrestrial fluxes. On the other hand, in LAImod, terrestrial carbon fluxes were notably decreased relative to LAIorg, and the model bias was reduced. In the in situ observation, LAImod was better matched to the observation than LAIorg, although both were limited in capturing the observed magnitude and seasonality of gross primary production (GPP) to some extent. In conclusion, switching between the two formulas has a substantial effect on the simulated terrestrial carbon fluxes. Despite noted biases, the regional coupled RegCM4-CLM4-CN-LAImod model can be recommended for future studies to investigate the influence of climate change on the terrestrial carbon fluxes of Africa.