New indices for wet scavenging of air pollutants (O3, CO, NO2, SO2, and PM10) by summertime rain

Jung Moon Yoo; Yu Ri Lee; Dongchul Kim; Myeong Jae Jeong; William R. Stockwell; Prasun K. Kundu; Soo Min Oh; Dong Bin Shin; Suk Jo Lee

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.022

New indices for wet scavenging of air pollutants (O₃, CO, NO₂, SO₂, and PM₁₀) by summertime rain

Jung Moon Yoo, Yu Ri Lee, Dongchul Kim, Myeong Jae Jeong, William R. Stockwell, Prasun K. Kundu, Soo Min Oh, Dong Bin Shin, Suk Jo Lee

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

134 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The washout effect of summertime rain on surface air pollutants (O₃, CO, NO₂, SO₂, and PM₁₀) has been investigated over South Korea during 2002-2012 using routinely available air-monitored and meteorological data. Three new washout indices for PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, and CO are developed to express the effect of precipitation scavenging on these pollutants. All of these pollutants show statistically significant negative correlations between their concentrations and rain intensity due to washout or convection. The washout effect is estimated for precipitation episodes classified by rain intensity (one set included all episodes and another included a subset of moderate intensity episodes that exclude Changma and typhoons), based on the log-transformed hourly data. The most sensitive air pollutant to the rain onset among these five air pollutants is PM₁₀. The relative effect of the rainfall washout on the air pollutant concentrations is estimated to be: PM₁₀SO₂NO₂>CO>O₃, indicating that PM₁₀ is most effectively scavenged by rainfall. The analysis suggests that the O₃ concentrations may increase due to vertical mixing leading to its downward transport from the lower stratosphere/upper troposphere. The concentrations of CO are reduced, probably due to both the washout and convection. The concentrations of NO₂ are affected by the opposing influences of lightning-generation and washout and this are discussed as well.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	226-237
Number of pages	12
Journal	Atmospheric Environment
Volume	82
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.022
Publication status	Published - 2014 Jan

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea Government (MSIP) (NO. 2009-0083527 ) and the Korean Ministry of Environment as the Eco-technopia 21 project (NO. 201200016003). We would like to thank the Ministry of Environment of Korea (MEK), and the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) for providing air pollution and precipitation data, respectively. WRS thanks the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for a grant to Howard University's NOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for a grant to “Howard University Beltsville Center for Climate System Observation”.

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Environmental Science(all)
Atmospheric Science

Access to Document

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.022

Cite this

@article{7d9e1b0c941c4afea57a6e3974e27698,

title = "New indices for wet scavenging of air pollutants (O3, CO, NO2, SO2, and PM10) by summertime rain",

abstract = "The washout effect of summertime rain on surface air pollutants (O3, CO, NO2, SO2, and PM10) has been investigated over South Korea during 2002-2012 using routinely available air-monitored and meteorological data. Three new washout indices for PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO are developed to express the effect of precipitation scavenging on these pollutants. All of these pollutants show statistically significant negative correlations between their concentrations and rain intensity due to washout or convection. The washout effect is estimated for precipitation episodes classified by rain intensity (one set included all episodes and another included a subset of moderate intensity episodes that exclude Changma and typhoons), based on the log-transformed hourly data. The most sensitive air pollutant to the rain onset among these five air pollutants is PM10. The relative effect of the rainfall washout on the air pollutant concentrations is estimated to be: PM10SO2NO2>CO>O3, indicating that PM10 is most effectively scavenged by rainfall. The analysis suggests that the O3 concentrations may increase due to vertical mixing leading to its downward transport from the lower stratosphere/upper troposphere. The concentrations of CO are reduced, probably due to both the washout and convection. The concentrations of NO2 are affected by the opposing influences of lightning-generation and washout and this are discussed as well.",

author = "Yoo, {Jung Moon} and Lee, {Yu Ri} and Dongchul Kim and Jeong, {Myeong Jae} and Stockwell, {William R.} and Kundu, {Prasun K.} and Oh, {Soo Min} and Shin, {Dong Bin} and Lee, {Suk Jo}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea Government (MSIP) (NO. 2009-0083527 ) and the Korean Ministry of Environment as the Eco-technopia 21 project (NO. 201200016003). We would like to thank the Ministry of Environment of Korea (MEK), and the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) for providing air pollution and precipitation data, respectively. WRS thanks the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for a grant to Howard University's NOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for a grant to “Howard University Beltsville Center for Climate System Observation”. ",

year = "2014",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.022",

language = "English",

volume = "82",

pages = "226--237",

journal = "Atmospheric Environment",

issn = "1352-2310",

publisher = "Elsevier Limited",

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T1 - New indices for wet scavenging of air pollutants (O3, CO, NO2, SO2, and PM10) by summertime rain

AU - Yoo, Jung Moon

AU - Lee, Yu Ri

AU - Kim, Dongchul

AU - Jeong, Myeong Jae

AU - Stockwell, William R.

AU - Kundu, Prasun K.

AU - Oh, Soo Min

AU - Shin, Dong Bin

AU - Lee, Suk Jo

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea Government (MSIP) (NO. 2009-0083527 ) and the Korean Ministry of Environment as the Eco-technopia 21 project (NO. 201200016003). We would like to thank the Ministry of Environment of Korea (MEK), and the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) for providing air pollution and precipitation data, respectively. WRS thanks the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for a grant to Howard University's NOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for a grant to “Howard University Beltsville Center for Climate System Observation”.

PY - 2014/1

Y1 - 2014/1

N2 - The washout effect of summertime rain on surface air pollutants (O3, CO, NO2, SO2, and PM10) has been investigated over South Korea during 2002-2012 using routinely available air-monitored and meteorological data. Three new washout indices for PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO are developed to express the effect of precipitation scavenging on these pollutants. All of these pollutants show statistically significant negative correlations between their concentrations and rain intensity due to washout or convection. The washout effect is estimated for precipitation episodes classified by rain intensity (one set included all episodes and another included a subset of moderate intensity episodes that exclude Changma and typhoons), based on the log-transformed hourly data. The most sensitive air pollutant to the rain onset among these five air pollutants is PM10. The relative effect of the rainfall washout on the air pollutant concentrations is estimated to be: PM10SO2NO2>CO>O3, indicating that PM10 is most effectively scavenged by rainfall. The analysis suggests that the O3 concentrations may increase due to vertical mixing leading to its downward transport from the lower stratosphere/upper troposphere. The concentrations of CO are reduced, probably due to both the washout and convection. The concentrations of NO2 are affected by the opposing influences of lightning-generation and washout and this are discussed as well.

AB - The washout effect of summertime rain on surface air pollutants (O3, CO, NO2, SO2, and PM10) has been investigated over South Korea during 2002-2012 using routinely available air-monitored and meteorological data. Three new washout indices for PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO are developed to express the effect of precipitation scavenging on these pollutants. All of these pollutants show statistically significant negative correlations between their concentrations and rain intensity due to washout or convection. The washout effect is estimated for precipitation episodes classified by rain intensity (one set included all episodes and another included a subset of moderate intensity episodes that exclude Changma and typhoons), based on the log-transformed hourly data. The most sensitive air pollutant to the rain onset among these five air pollutants is PM10. The relative effect of the rainfall washout on the air pollutant concentrations is estimated to be: PM10SO2NO2>CO>O3, indicating that PM10 is most effectively scavenged by rainfall. The analysis suggests that the O3 concentrations may increase due to vertical mixing leading to its downward transport from the lower stratosphere/upper troposphere. The concentrations of CO are reduced, probably due to both the washout and convection. The concentrations of NO2 are affected by the opposing influences of lightning-generation and washout and this are discussed as well.

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DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.022

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