New air fluorescence detectors employed in the Telescope Array experiment

H. Tokuno; Y. Tameda; M. Takeda; K. Kadota; D. Ikeda; M. Chikawa; T. Fujii; M. Fukushima; K. Honda; N. Inoue; F. Kakimoto; S. Kawana; E. Kido; J. N. Matthews; T. Nonaka; S. Ogio; S. Okuda; S. Ozawa; H. Sagawa; N. Sakurai; T. Shibata; A. Taketa; S. B. Thomas; T. Tomida; Y. Tsunesada; S. Udo; T. Abu-Zayyad; R. Aida; M. Allen; R. Anderson; R. Azuma; E. Barcikowski; J. W. Belz; D. R. Bergman; S. A. Blake; R. Cady; B. G. Cheon; J. Chiba; E. J. Cho; W. R. Cho; H. Fujii; T. Fukuda; D. Gorbunov; W. Hanlon; K. Hayashi; Y. Hayashi; N. Hayashida; K. Hibino; K. Hiyama; T. Iguchi; K. Ikuta; T. Ishii; R. Ishimori; D. Ivanov; S. Iwamoto; C. C.H. Jui; O. Kalashev; T. Kanbe; K. Kasahara; H. Kawai; S. Kawakami; H. B. Kim; H. K. Kim; J. H. Kim; J. H. Kim; K. Kitamoto; K. Kobayashi; Y. Kobayashi; Y. Kondo; K. Kuramoto; V. Kuzmin; Y. J. Kwon; S. I. Lim; S. MacHida; K. Martens; J. Martineau; T. Matsuda; T. Matsuura; T. Matsuyama; I. Myers; M. Minamino; K. Miyata; H. Miyauchi; Y. Murano; T. Nakamura; S. W. Nam; M. Ohnishi; H. Ohoka; K. Oki; D. Oku; A. Oshima; I. H. Park; M. S. Pshirkov; D. Rodriguez; S. Y. Roh; G. Rubtsov; D. Ryu; A. L. Sampson; L. M. Scott; P. D. Shah; F. Shibata; H. Shimodaira; B. K. Shin; J. I. Shin; T. Shirahama; J. D. Smith; P. Sokolsky; T. J. Sonley; R. W. Springer; B. T. Stokes; S. R. Stratton; T. Stroman; S. Suzuki; Y. Takahashi; M. Takita; H. Tanaka; K. Tanaka; M. Tanaka; G. B. Thomson; P. Tinyakov; I. Tkachev; S. Troitsky; K. Tsutsumi; Y. Tsuyuguchi; Y. Uchihori; H. Ukai; G. Vasiloff; Y. Wada; T. Wong; M. Wood; Y. Yamakawa; H. Yamaoka; K. Yamazaki; J. Yang; S. Yoshida; H. Yoshii; R. Zollinger; Z. Zundel

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2012.02.044

New air fluorescence detectors employed in the Telescope Array experiment

H. Tokuno, Y. Tameda, M. Takeda, K. Kadota, D. Ikeda, M. Chikawa, T. Fujii, M. Fukushima, K. Honda, N. Inoue, F. Kakimoto, S. Kawana, E. Kido, J. N. Matthews, T. Nonaka, S. Ogio, S. Okuda, S. Ozawa, H. Sagawa, N. SakuraiT. Shibata, A. Taketa, S. B. Thomas, T. Tomida, Y. Tsunesada, S. Udo, T. Abu-Zayyad, R. Aida, M. Allen, R. Anderson, R. Azuma, E. Barcikowski, J. W. Belz, D. R. Bergman, S. A. Blake, R. Cady, B. G. Cheon, J. Chiba, E. J. Cho, W. R. Cho, H. Fujii, T. Fukuda, D. Gorbunov, W. Hanlon, K. Hayashi, Y. Hayashi, N. Hayashida, K. Hibino, K. Hiyama, T. Iguchi, K. Ikuta, T. Ishii, R. Ishimori, D. Ivanov, S. Iwamoto, C. C.H. Jui, O. Kalashev, T. Kanbe, K. Kasahara, H. Kawai, S. Kawakami, H. B. Kim, H. K. Kim, J. H. Kim, J. H. Kim, K. Kitamoto, K. Kobayashi, Y. Kobayashi, Y. Kondo, K. Kuramoto, V. Kuzmin, Y. J. Kwon, S. I. Lim, S. MacHida, K. Martens, J. Martineau, T. Matsuda, T. Matsuura, T. Matsuyama, I. Myers, M. Minamino, K. Miyata, H. Miyauchi, Y. Murano, T. Nakamura, S. W. Nam, M. Ohnishi, H. Ohoka, K. Oki, D. Oku, A. Oshima, I. H. Park, M. S. Pshirkov, D. Rodriguez, S. Y. Roh, G. Rubtsov, D. Ryu, A. L. Sampson, L. M. Scott, P. D. Shah, F. Shibata, H. Shimodaira, B. K. Shin, J. I. Shin, T. Shirahama, J. D. Smith, P. Sokolsky, T. J. Sonley, R. W. Springer, B. T. Stokes, S. R. Stratton, T. Stroman, S. Suzuki, Y. Takahashi, M. Takita, H. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, G. B. Thomson, P. Tinyakov, I. Tkachev, S. Troitsky, K. Tsutsumi, Y. Tsuyuguchi, Y. Uchihori, H. Ukai, G. Vasiloff, Y. Wada, T. Wong, M. Wood, Y. Yamakawa, H. Yamaoka, K. Yamazaki, J. Yang, S. Yoshida, H. Yoshii, R. Zollinger, Z. Zundel

Department of Physics

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234 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Since 2007, the Telescope Array (TA) experiment, based in Utah, USA, has been observing ultra high energy cosmic rays to understand their origins. The experiment includes a surface detector (SD) array and three fluorescence detector (FD) stations. The FD stations, installed surrounding the SD array, measure the air fluorescence light emitted from extensive air showers (EASs) for precise determination of their energies and species. The detectors employed at one of the three FD stations were relocated from the High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) experiment. At the other two stations, newly designed detectors were constructed for the TA experiment. An FD consists of a primary mirror and a camera equipped with photomultiplier tube pixels. To obtain the EAS parameters with high accuracy, understanding the FD optical characteristics is important. In this paper, we report the characteristics and installation of the new FDs and the performances of the FD components. The results of the monitored mirror reflectance during the observation time are also described in this report.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	54-65
Number of pages	12
Journal	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Volume	676
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2012.02.044
Publication status	Published - 2012 Jun 1

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The Telescope Array experiment is supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science through Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Specially Promoted Research ( 21000002 ) “Extreme Phenomena in the Universe Explored by Highest Energy Cosmic Rays”, and the Inter-University Research Program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research; by the U.S. National Science Foundation awards PHY-0307098, PHY-0601915, PHY-0703893, PHY-0758342, and PHY-0848320 (Utah) and PHY-0649681 (Rutgers) ; by the National Research Foundation of Korea ( 2006-0050031, 2007-0056005, 2007-0093860, 2010-0011378, 2010-0028071, R32-10130 ); by the Russian Academy of Sciences , RFBR Grants 10-02-01406a and 11-02-01528a (INR), IISN project No. 4.4509.10 and Belgian Science Policy under IUAP VI/11 (ULB). The foundations of Dr. Ezekiel R. and Edna Wattis Dumke, Willard L. Eccles, and the George S. and Dolores Dore Eccles all helped with generous donations. The State of Utah supported the project through its Economic Development Board , and the University of Utah through the Office of the Vice President for Research . The experimental site became available through the cooperation of the Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration (SITLA), U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Air Force. We also wish to thank the people and the officials of Millard County, Utah, for their steadfast and warm support. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions from the technical staffs of our home institutions and the University of Utah Center for High Performance Computing (CHPC). We thank HAMAMATSU Photonics K.K., Sanko Seikohjyo Co., Ltd., Quality Steel Fabricating And Welding, Inc., T&D Maintenance, Nitto Kogyo Corporation, and Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. for their kind support.

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Instrumentation

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10.1016/j.nima.2012.02.044

Cite this

Tokuno, H., Tameda, Y., Takeda, M., Kadota, K., Ikeda, D., Chikawa, M., Fujii, T., Fukushima, M., Honda, K., Inoue, N., Kakimoto, F., Kawana, S., Kido, E., Matthews, J. N., Nonaka, T., Ogio, S., Okuda, S., Ozawa, S., Sagawa, H., ... Zundel, Z. (2012). New air fluorescence detectors employed in the Telescope Array experiment. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 676, 54-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2012.02.044

@article{2fa4d3a58f8241359e0c6e0e8133e7cc,

title = "New air fluorescence detectors employed in the Telescope Array experiment",

abstract = "Since 2007, the Telescope Array (TA) experiment, based in Utah, USA, has been observing ultra high energy cosmic rays to understand their origins. The experiment includes a surface detector (SD) array and three fluorescence detector (FD) stations. The FD stations, installed surrounding the SD array, measure the air fluorescence light emitted from extensive air showers (EASs) for precise determination of their energies and species. The detectors employed at one of the three FD stations were relocated from the High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) experiment. At the other two stations, newly designed detectors were constructed for the TA experiment. An FD consists of a primary mirror and a camera equipped with photomultiplier tube pixels. To obtain the EAS parameters with high accuracy, understanding the FD optical characteristics is important. In this paper, we report the characteristics and installation of the new FDs and the performances of the FD components. The results of the monitored mirror reflectance during the observation time are also described in this report.",

author = "H. Tokuno and Y. Tameda and M. Takeda and K. Kadota and D. Ikeda and M. Chikawa and T. Fujii and M. Fukushima and K. Honda and N. Inoue and F. Kakimoto and S. Kawana and E. Kido and Matthews, {J. N.} and T. Nonaka and S. Ogio and S. Okuda and S. Ozawa and H. Sagawa and N. Sakurai and T. Shibata and A. Taketa and Thomas, {S. B.} and T. Tomida and Y. Tsunesada and S. Udo and T. Abu-Zayyad and R. Aida and M. Allen and R. Anderson and R. Azuma and E. Barcikowski and Belz, {J. W.} and Bergman, {D. R.} and Blake, {S. A.} and R. Cady and Cheon, {B. G.} and J. Chiba and Cho, {E. J.} and Cho, {W. R.} and H. Fujii and T. Fukuda and D. Gorbunov and W. Hanlon and K. Hayashi and Y. Hayashi and N. Hayashida and K. Hibino and K. Hiyama and T. Iguchi and K. Ikuta and T. Ishii and R. Ishimori and D. Ivanov and S. Iwamoto and Jui, {C. C.H.} and O. Kalashev and T. Kanbe and K. Kasahara and H. Kawai and S. Kawakami and Kim, {H. B.} and Kim, {H. K.} and Kim, {J. H.} and Kim, {J. H.} and K. Kitamoto and K. Kobayashi and Y. Kobayashi and Y. Kondo and K. Kuramoto and V. Kuzmin and Kwon, {Y. J.} and Lim, {S. I.} and S. MacHida and K. Martens and J. Martineau and T. Matsuda and T. Matsuura and T. Matsuyama and I. Myers and M. Minamino and K. Miyata and H. Miyauchi and Y. Murano and T. Nakamura and Nam, {S. W.} and M. Ohnishi and H. Ohoka and K. Oki and D. Oku and A. Oshima and Park, {I. H.} and Pshirkov, {M. S.} and D. Rodriguez and Roh, {S. Y.} and G. Rubtsov and D. Ryu and Sampson, {A. L.} and Scott, {L. M.} and Shah, {P. D.} and F. Shibata and H. Shimodaira and Shin, {B. K.} and Shin, {J. I.} and T. Shirahama and Smith, {J. D.} and P. Sokolsky and Sonley, {T. J.} and Springer, {R. W.} and Stokes, {B. T.} and Stratton, {S. R.} and T. Stroman and S. Suzuki and Y. Takahashi and M. Takita and H. Tanaka and K. Tanaka and M. Tanaka and Thomson, {G. B.} and P. Tinyakov and I. Tkachev and S. Troitsky and K. Tsutsumi and Y. Tsuyuguchi and Y. Uchihori and H. Ukai and G. Vasiloff and Y. Wada and T. Wong and M. Wood and Y. Yamakawa and H. Yamaoka and K. Yamazaki and J. Yang and S. Yoshida and H. Yoshii and R. Zollinger and Z. Zundel",

note = "Funding Information: The Telescope Array experiment is supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science through Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Specially Promoted Research ( 21000002 ) “Extreme Phenomena in the Universe Explored by Highest Energy Cosmic Rays”, and the Inter-University Research Program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research; by the U.S. National Science Foundation awards PHY-0307098, PHY-0601915, PHY-0703893, PHY-0758342, and PHY-0848320 (Utah) and PHY-0649681 (Rutgers) ; by the National Research Foundation of Korea ( 2006-0050031, 2007-0056005, 2007-0093860, 2010-0011378, 2010-0028071, R32-10130 ); by the Russian Academy of Sciences , RFBR Grants 10-02-01406a and 11-02-01528a (INR), IISN project No. 4.4509.10 and Belgian Science Policy under IUAP VI/11 (ULB). The foundations of Dr. Ezekiel R. and Edna Wattis Dumke, Willard L. Eccles, and the George S. and Dolores Dore Eccles all helped with generous donations. The State of Utah supported the project through its Economic Development Board , and the University of Utah through the Office of the Vice President for Research . The experimental site became available through the cooperation of the Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration (SITLA), U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Air Force. We also wish to thank the people and the officials of Millard County, Utah, for their steadfast and warm support. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions from the technical staffs of our home institutions and the University of Utah Center for High Performance Computing (CHPC). We thank HAMAMATSU Photonics K.K., Sanko Seikohjyo Co., Ltd., Quality Steel Fabricating And Welding, Inc., T&D Maintenance, Nitto Kogyo Corporation, and Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. for their kind support. ",

year = "2012",

month = jun,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.nima.2012.02.044",

language = "English",

volume = "676",

pages = "54--65",

journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment",

issn = "0168-9002",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

Tokuno, H, Tameda, Y, Takeda, M, Kadota, K, Ikeda, D, Chikawa, M, Fujii, T, Fukushima, M, Honda, K, Inoue, N, Kakimoto, F, Kawana, S, Kido, E, Matthews, JN, Nonaka, T, Ogio, S, Okuda, S, Ozawa, S, Sagawa, H, Sakurai, N, Shibata, T, Taketa, A, Thomas, SB, Tomida, T, Tsunesada, Y, Udo, S, Abu-Zayyad, T, Aida, R, Allen, M, Anderson, R, Azuma, R, Barcikowski, E, Belz, JW, Bergman, DR, Blake, SA, Cady, R, Cheon, BG, Chiba, J, Cho, EJ, Cho, WR, Fujii, H, Fukuda, T, Gorbunov, D, Hanlon, W, Hayashi, K, Hayashi, Y, Hayashida, N, Hibino, K, Hiyama, K, Iguchi, T, Ikuta, K, Ishii, T, Ishimori, R, Ivanov, D, Iwamoto, S, Jui, CCH, Kalashev, O, Kanbe, T, Kasahara, K, Kawai, H, Kawakami, S, Kim, HB, Kim, HK, Kim, JH, Kim, JH, Kitamoto, K, Kobayashi, K, Kobayashi, Y, Kondo, Y, Kuramoto, K, Kuzmin, V, Kwon, YJ, Lim, SI, MacHida, S, Martens, K, Martineau, J, Matsuda, T, Matsuura, T, Matsuyama, T, Myers, I, Minamino, M, Miyata, K, Miyauchi, H, Murano, Y, Nakamura, T, Nam, SW, Ohnishi, M, Ohoka, H, Oki, K, Oku, D, Oshima, A, Park, IH, Pshirkov, MS, Rodriguez, D, Roh, SY, Rubtsov, G, Ryu, D, Sampson, AL, Scott, LM, Shah, PD, Shibata, F, Shimodaira, H, Shin, BK, Shin, JI, Shirahama, T, Smith, JD, Sokolsky, P, Sonley, TJ, Springer, RW, Stokes, BT, Stratton, SR, Stroman, T, Suzuki, S, Takahashi, Y, Takita, M, Tanaka, H, Tanaka, K, Tanaka, M, Thomson, GB, Tinyakov, P, Tkachev, I, Troitsky, S, Tsutsumi, K, Tsuyuguchi, Y, Uchihori, Y, Ukai, H, Vasiloff, G, Wada, Y, Wong, T, Wood, M, Yamakawa, Y, Yamaoka, H, Yamazaki, K, Yang, J, Yoshida, S, Yoshii, H, Zollinger, R & Zundel, Z 2012, 'New air fluorescence detectors employed in the Telescope Array experiment', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 676, pp. 54-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2012.02.044

TY - JOUR

T1 - New air fluorescence detectors employed in the Telescope Array experiment

AU - Tokuno, H.

AU - Tameda, Y.

AU - Takeda, M.

AU - Kadota, K.

AU - Ikeda, D.

AU - Chikawa, M.

AU - Fujii, T.

AU - Fukushima, M.

AU - Honda, K.

AU - Inoue, N.

AU - Kakimoto, F.

AU - Kawana, S.

AU - Kido, E.

AU - Matthews, J. N.

AU - Nonaka, T.

AU - Ogio, S.

AU - Okuda, S.

AU - Ozawa, S.

AU - Sagawa, H.

AU - Sakurai, N.

AU - Shibata, T.

AU - Taketa, A.

AU - Thomas, S. B.

AU - Tomida, T.

AU - Tsunesada, Y.

AU - Udo, S.

AU - Abu-Zayyad, T.

AU - Aida, R.

AU - Allen, M.

AU - Anderson, R.

AU - Azuma, R.

AU - Barcikowski, E.

AU - Belz, J. W.

AU - Bergman, D. R.

AU - Blake, S. A.

AU - Cady, R.

AU - Cheon, B. G.

AU - Chiba, J.

AU - Cho, E. J.

AU - Cho, W. R.

AU - Fujii, H.

AU - Fukuda, T.

AU - Gorbunov, D.

AU - Hanlon, W.

AU - Hayashi, K.

AU - Hayashi, Y.

AU - Hayashida, N.

AU - Hibino, K.

AU - Hiyama, K.

AU - Iguchi, T.

AU - Ikuta, K.

AU - Ishii, T.

AU - Ishimori, R.

AU - Ivanov, D.

AU - Iwamoto, S.

AU - Jui, C. C.H.

AU - Kalashev, O.

AU - Kanbe, T.

AU - Kasahara, K.

AU - Kawai, H.

AU - Kawakami, S.

AU - Kim, H. B.

AU - Kim, H. K.

AU - Kim, J. H.

AU - Kitamoto, K.

AU - Kobayashi, K.

AU - Kobayashi, Y.

AU - Kondo, Y.

AU - Kuramoto, K.

AU - Kuzmin, V.

AU - Kwon, Y. J.

AU - Lim, S. I.

AU - MacHida, S.

AU - Martens, K.

AU - Martineau, J.

AU - Matsuda, T.

AU - Matsuura, T.

AU - Matsuyama, T.

AU - Myers, I.

AU - Minamino, M.

AU - Miyata, K.

AU - Miyauchi, H.

AU - Murano, Y.

AU - Nakamura, T.

AU - Nam, S. W.

AU - Ohnishi, M.

AU - Ohoka, H.

AU - Oki, K.

AU - Oku, D.

AU - Oshima, A.

AU - Park, I. H.

AU - Pshirkov, M. S.

AU - Rodriguez, D.

AU - Roh, S. Y.

AU - Rubtsov, G.

AU - Ryu, D.

AU - Sampson, A. L.

AU - Scott, L. M.

AU - Shah, P. D.

AU - Shibata, F.

AU - Shimodaira, H.

AU - Shin, B. K.

AU - Shin, J. I.

AU - Shirahama, T.

AU - Smith, J. D.

AU - Sokolsky, P.

AU - Sonley, T. J.

AU - Springer, R. W.

AU - Stokes, B. T.

AU - Stratton, S. R.

AU - Stroman, T.

AU - Suzuki, S.

AU - Takahashi, Y.

AU - Takita, M.

AU - Tanaka, H.

AU - Tanaka, K.

AU - Tanaka, M.

AU - Thomson, G. B.

AU - Tinyakov, P.

AU - Tkachev, I.

AU - Troitsky, S.

AU - Tsutsumi, K.

AU - Tsuyuguchi, Y.

AU - Uchihori, Y.

AU - Ukai, H.

AU - Vasiloff, G.

AU - Wada, Y.

AU - Wong, T.

AU - Wood, M.

AU - Yamakawa, Y.

AU - Yamaoka, H.

AU - Yamazaki, K.

AU - Yang, J.

AU - Yoshida, S.

AU - Yoshii, H.

AU - Zollinger, R.

AU - Zundel, Z.

N1 - Funding Information: The Telescope Array experiment is supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science through Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Specially Promoted Research ( 21000002 ) “Extreme Phenomena in the Universe Explored by Highest Energy Cosmic Rays”, and the Inter-University Research Program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research; by the U.S. National Science Foundation awards PHY-0307098, PHY-0601915, PHY-0703893, PHY-0758342, and PHY-0848320 (Utah) and PHY-0649681 (Rutgers) ; by the National Research Foundation of Korea ( 2006-0050031, 2007-0056005, 2007-0093860, 2010-0011378, 2010-0028071, R32-10130 ); by the Russian Academy of Sciences , RFBR Grants 10-02-01406a and 11-02-01528a (INR), IISN project No. 4.4509.10 and Belgian Science Policy under IUAP VI/11 (ULB). The foundations of Dr. Ezekiel R. and Edna Wattis Dumke, Willard L. Eccles, and the George S. and Dolores Dore Eccles all helped with generous donations. The State of Utah supported the project through its Economic Development Board , and the University of Utah through the Office of the Vice President for Research . The experimental site became available through the cooperation of the Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration (SITLA), U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Air Force. We also wish to thank the people and the officials of Millard County, Utah, for their steadfast and warm support. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions from the technical staffs of our home institutions and the University of Utah Center for High Performance Computing (CHPC). We thank HAMAMATSU Photonics K.K., Sanko Seikohjyo Co., Ltd., Quality Steel Fabricating And Welding, Inc., T&D Maintenance, Nitto Kogyo Corporation, and Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. for their kind support.

PY - 2012/6/1

Y1 - 2012/6/1

N2 - Since 2007, the Telescope Array (TA) experiment, based in Utah, USA, has been observing ultra high energy cosmic rays to understand their origins. The experiment includes a surface detector (SD) array and three fluorescence detector (FD) stations. The FD stations, installed surrounding the SD array, measure the air fluorescence light emitted from extensive air showers (EASs) for precise determination of their energies and species. The detectors employed at one of the three FD stations were relocated from the High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) experiment. At the other two stations, newly designed detectors were constructed for the TA experiment. An FD consists of a primary mirror and a camera equipped with photomultiplier tube pixels. To obtain the EAS parameters with high accuracy, understanding the FD optical characteristics is important. In this paper, we report the characteristics and installation of the new FDs and the performances of the FD components. The results of the monitored mirror reflectance during the observation time are also described in this report.

AB - Since 2007, the Telescope Array (TA) experiment, based in Utah, USA, has been observing ultra high energy cosmic rays to understand their origins. The experiment includes a surface detector (SD) array and three fluorescence detector (FD) stations. The FD stations, installed surrounding the SD array, measure the air fluorescence light emitted from extensive air showers (EASs) for precise determination of their energies and species. The detectors employed at one of the three FD stations were relocated from the High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) experiment. At the other two stations, newly designed detectors were constructed for the TA experiment. An FD consists of a primary mirror and a camera equipped with photomultiplier tube pixels. To obtain the EAS parameters with high accuracy, understanding the FD optical characteristics is important. In this paper, we report the characteristics and installation of the new FDs and the performances of the FD components. The results of the monitored mirror reflectance during the observation time are also described in this report.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84862777537&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84862777537&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.nima.2012.02.044

DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2012.02.044

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84862777537

SN - 0168-9002

VL - 676

SP - 54

EP - 65

JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

ER -

New air fluorescence detectors employed in the Telescope Array experiment

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Bibliographical note

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