TY - JOUR
T1 - Multidimensional Approach of Heart Failure Diagnosis and Prognostication Utilizing Cardiac Imaging with Biomarkers
AU - Kim, In Cheol
AU - Yoo, Byung Su
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/6
Y1 - 2022/6
N2 - Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome caused by various etiologies that results in systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction with congestion. While evaluating HF and planning for treatment, physicians utilize various laboratory tests, including electrocardiography, diverse imaging tests, exercise testing, invasive hemodynamic evaluation, or endomyocardial biopsy. Among these, cardiac imaging modalities and biomarkers are the mainstays during HF diagnosis and treatment. Recent developments in non-invasive imaging modalities, such as echocardiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear imaging, have helped us understand the etiology, pathophysiology, and hemodynamics of HF, and determine treatment options and predict the outcomes. Due to the convenience of their use and potential impact on HF management, biomarkers are increasingly adopted in our clinical practice as well as research purpose. Natriuretic peptide is the most widely used biomarker for the diagnosis of HF, evaluation of treatment response, and prediction of future outcomes. Other cardiac biomarkers to evaluate the pathophysiological mechanisms of HF include myocardial injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, hypertrophy, and neurohormonal activation. Because HF results from complex cardiac disorders, it is essential to assess the disease status multidimensionally. The proper utilization of multimodality imaging and cardiac biomarkers can improve the quality of patient management and predict clinical outcomes in HF in the era of personalized medicine.
AB - Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome caused by various etiologies that results in systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction with congestion. While evaluating HF and planning for treatment, physicians utilize various laboratory tests, including electrocardiography, diverse imaging tests, exercise testing, invasive hemodynamic evaluation, or endomyocardial biopsy. Among these, cardiac imaging modalities and biomarkers are the mainstays during HF diagnosis and treatment. Recent developments in non-invasive imaging modalities, such as echocardiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear imaging, have helped us understand the etiology, pathophysiology, and hemodynamics of HF, and determine treatment options and predict the outcomes. Due to the convenience of their use and potential impact on HF management, biomarkers are increasingly adopted in our clinical practice as well as research purpose. Natriuretic peptide is the most widely used biomarker for the diagnosis of HF, evaluation of treatment response, and prediction of future outcomes. Other cardiac biomarkers to evaluate the pathophysiological mechanisms of HF include myocardial injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, hypertrophy, and neurohormonal activation. Because HF results from complex cardiac disorders, it is essential to assess the disease status multidimensionally. The proper utilization of multimodality imaging and cardiac biomarkers can improve the quality of patient management and predict clinical outcomes in HF in the era of personalized medicine.
KW - biomarkers
KW - diagnosis
KW - heart failure
KW - multimodality imaging
KW - prognosis
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U2 - 10.3390/diagnostics12061366
DO - 10.3390/diagnostics12061366
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85132257606
SN - 2075-4418
VL - 12
JO - Diagnostics
JF - Diagnostics
IS - 6
M1 - 1366
ER -