Mid-latitude leading double-dip La Niña

Jae Heung Park; Soon Il An; Jong Seong Kug; Young Min Yang; Tim Li; Hyun Su Jo

doi:10.1002/joc.6772

Mid-latitude leading double-dip La Niña

Jae Heung Park, Soon Il An, Jong Seong Kug, Young Min Yang, Tim Li, Hyun Su Jo

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9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Understanding the evolution asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña events is challenging. Unlike El Niño, most La Niña events are characterised by a double-dip cooling (a.k.a. multi-year La Niña). Herein, we examined how single- and multi-year La Niña events differ by analysing observational and climate-model data sets. Single-year La Niña events tend to develop narrowly within the tropics from a central Pacific-type El Niño (Niño-4 > Niño-3), whereas multi-year La Niña events tend to originate from an eastern Pacific-type El Niño (Niño-3 > Niño-4) and are well-connected to mid-latitudes through the Pacific meridional mode, which leads to a meridionally wider response of the off-equatorial low-level atmospheric anti-cyclonic circulation. As the anti-cyclonic circulation controls the amount of equatorial upper-ocean heat recharge through Sverdrup transport, for single-year La Niña, efficient ocean recharging due to a narrower anti-cyclonic circulation causes a fast transition to an El Niño or a fast termination of a La Niña. In contrast, for multi-year La Niña, a weaker recharging causes surface cooling to persist, leading to another La Niña in the following year.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	E1353-E1370
Journal	International Journal of Climatology
Volume	41
Issue number	S1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6772
Publication status	Published - 2021 Jan

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (NRF‐2020R1C1C1006569 and NRF‐2018R1A5A1024958). The SST data (Extended Reconstructed SST v3) and atmospheric data (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) were downloaded from NOAA ( https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/ ). The oceanic data (Simple Ocean Data Assimilation v2.2.4) was downloaded from http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/data/data.php . In this study, the Ncar‐CCSM4 industrial run participated in the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), which was downloaded from its website ( https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/projects/cmip5/ ).

Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (NRF-2020R1C1C1006569 and NRF-2018R1A5A1024958). The SST data (Extended Reconstructed SST v3) and atmospheric data (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) were downloaded from NOAA (https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/). The oceanic data (Simple Ocean Data Assimilation v2.2.4) was downloaded from http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/data/data.php. In this study, the Ncar-CCSM4 industrial run participated in the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), which was downloaded from its website (https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/projects/cmip5/).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Royal Meteorological Society

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Atmospheric Science

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This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Cite this

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title = "Mid-latitude leading double-dip La Ni{\~n}a",

abstract = "Understanding the evolution asymmetry between El Ni{\~n}o and La Ni{\~n}a events is challenging. Unlike El Ni{\~n}o, most La Ni{\~n}a events are characterised by a double-dip cooling (a.k.a. multi-year La Ni{\~n}a). Herein, we examined how single- and multi-year La Ni{\~n}a events differ by analysing observational and climate-model data sets. Single-year La Ni{\~n}a events tend to develop narrowly within the tropics from a central Pacific-type El Ni{\~n}o (Ni{\~n}o-4 > Ni{\~n}o-3), whereas multi-year La Ni{\~n}a events tend to originate from an eastern Pacific-type El Ni{\~n}o (Ni{\~n}o-3 > Ni{\~n}o-4) and are well-connected to mid-latitudes through the Pacific meridional mode, which leads to a meridionally wider response of the off-equatorial low-level atmospheric anti-cyclonic circulation. As the anti-cyclonic circulation controls the amount of equatorial upper-ocean heat recharge through Sverdrup transport, for single-year La Ni{\~n}a, efficient ocean recharging due to a narrower anti-cyclonic circulation causes a fast transition to an El Ni{\~n}o or a fast termination of a La Ni{\~n}a. In contrast, for multi-year La Ni{\~n}a, a weaker recharging causes surface cooling to persist, leading to another La Ni{\~n}a in the following year.",

author = "Park, {Jae Heung} and An, {Soon Il} and Kug, {Jong Seong} and Yang, {Young Min} and Tim Li and Jo, {Hyun Su}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (NRF‐2020R1C1C1006569 and NRF‐2018R1A5A1024958). The SST data (Extended Reconstructed SST v3) and atmospheric data (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) were downloaded from NOAA ( https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/ ). The oceanic data (Simple Ocean Data Assimilation v2.2.4) was downloaded from http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/data/data.php . In this study, the Ncar‐CCSM4 industrial run participated in the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), which was downloaded from its website ( https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/projects/cmip5/ ). Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (NRF-2020R1C1C1006569 and NRF-2018R1A5A1024958). The SST data (Extended Reconstructed SST v3) and atmospheric data (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) were downloaded from NOAA (https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/). The oceanic data (Simple Ocean Data Assimilation v2.2.4) was downloaded from http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/data/data.php. In this study, the Ncar-CCSM4 industrial run participated in the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), which was downloaded from its website (https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/projects/cmip5/). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Royal Meteorological Society",

year = "2021",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1002/joc.6772",

language = "English",

volume = "41",

pages = "E1353--E1370",

journal = "Journal of Climatology",

issn = "0899-8418",

publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Ltd",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Mid-latitude leading double-dip La Niña

AU - Park, Jae Heung

AU - An, Soon Il

AU - Kug, Jong Seong

AU - Yang, Young Min

AU - Li, Tim

AU - Jo, Hyun Su

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (NRF‐2020R1C1C1006569 and NRF‐2018R1A5A1024958). The SST data (Extended Reconstructed SST v3) and atmospheric data (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) were downloaded from NOAA ( https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/ ). The oceanic data (Simple Ocean Data Assimilation v2.2.4) was downloaded from http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/data/data.php . In this study, the Ncar‐CCSM4 industrial run participated in the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), which was downloaded from its website ( https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/projects/cmip5/ ). Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (NRF-2020R1C1C1006569 and NRF-2018R1A5A1024958). The SST data (Extended Reconstructed SST v3) and atmospheric data (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) were downloaded from NOAA (https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/). The oceanic data (Simple Ocean Data Assimilation v2.2.4) was downloaded from http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/data/data.php. In this study, the Ncar-CCSM4 industrial run participated in the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), which was downloaded from its website (https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/projects/cmip5/). Publisher Copyright: © 2020 Royal Meteorological Society

PY - 2021/1

Y1 - 2021/1

N2 - Understanding the evolution asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña events is challenging. Unlike El Niño, most La Niña events are characterised by a double-dip cooling (a.k.a. multi-year La Niña). Herein, we examined how single- and multi-year La Niña events differ by analysing observational and climate-model data sets. Single-year La Niña events tend to develop narrowly within the tropics from a central Pacific-type El Niño (Niño-4 > Niño-3), whereas multi-year La Niña events tend to originate from an eastern Pacific-type El Niño (Niño-3 > Niño-4) and are well-connected to mid-latitudes through the Pacific meridional mode, which leads to a meridionally wider response of the off-equatorial low-level atmospheric anti-cyclonic circulation. As the anti-cyclonic circulation controls the amount of equatorial upper-ocean heat recharge through Sverdrup transport, for single-year La Niña, efficient ocean recharging due to a narrower anti-cyclonic circulation causes a fast transition to an El Niño or a fast termination of a La Niña. In contrast, for multi-year La Niña, a weaker recharging causes surface cooling to persist, leading to another La Niña in the following year.

AB - Understanding the evolution asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña events is challenging. Unlike El Niño, most La Niña events are characterised by a double-dip cooling (a.k.a. multi-year La Niña). Herein, we examined how single- and multi-year La Niña events differ by analysing observational and climate-model data sets. Single-year La Niña events tend to develop narrowly within the tropics from a central Pacific-type El Niño (Niño-4 > Niño-3), whereas multi-year La Niña events tend to originate from an eastern Pacific-type El Niño (Niño-3 > Niño-4) and are well-connected to mid-latitudes through the Pacific meridional mode, which leads to a meridionally wider response of the off-equatorial low-level atmospheric anti-cyclonic circulation. As the anti-cyclonic circulation controls the amount of equatorial upper-ocean heat recharge through Sverdrup transport, for single-year La Niña, efficient ocean recharging due to a narrower anti-cyclonic circulation causes a fast transition to an El Niño or a fast termination of a La Niña. In contrast, for multi-year La Niña, a weaker recharging causes surface cooling to persist, leading to another La Niña in the following year.

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DO - 10.1002/joc.6772

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AN - SCOPUS:85089890808

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JF - Journal of Climatology

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ER -

Mid-latitude leading double-dip La Niña

Abstract

Bibliographical note

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

UN SDGs

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