TY - GEN
T1 - Mechanism of β-carotene-induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells
T2 - Involvement of ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated
AU - Jang, Sung Hee
AU - Lim, Joo Weon
AU - Kim, Hyeyoung
PY - 2009/8
Y1 - 2009/8
N2 - β-Carotene acts as an antioxidant or a pro-oxidant depending on the concentrations that cells are treated with. Oxidative DNA damage is related to apoptosis of various cells. Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), a sensor for DNA-damaging agents, activates a variety of effectors in multiple signaling pathways, such as DNA repair and apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated whether a high concentration of β-carotene induces apoptosis of gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells and whether ATM is involved in β-carotene-induced apoptosis of AGS cells. We found that β-carotene (100 μmol/L) induced apoptosis (determined by cell viability), DNA fragmentation, and the protein levels of p53 and Bcl-2 in AGS cells. ATM levels in the nucleus decreased from β-carotene in AGS cells. β-Carotene- induced alterations, including an increase in DNA fragmentation and p53 levels and a decrease in nuclear ATM and cellular Bcl-2 levels, were inhibited in the cells transfected with full-length ATM cDNA compared to wild-type cells or the cells transfected with control vector plasmid control DNA vector (pcDNA). In conclusion, β-carotene induces apoptosis by increasing apoptotic protein p53 and decreasing anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 as well as nuclear ATM in AGS cells. Nuclear loss of ATM may be the underlying mechanism of β-carotene-induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells.
AB - β-Carotene acts as an antioxidant or a pro-oxidant depending on the concentrations that cells are treated with. Oxidative DNA damage is related to apoptosis of various cells. Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), a sensor for DNA-damaging agents, activates a variety of effectors in multiple signaling pathways, such as DNA repair and apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated whether a high concentration of β-carotene induces apoptosis of gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells and whether ATM is involved in β-carotene-induced apoptosis of AGS cells. We found that β-carotene (100 μmol/L) induced apoptosis (determined by cell viability), DNA fragmentation, and the protein levels of p53 and Bcl-2 in AGS cells. ATM levels in the nucleus decreased from β-carotene in AGS cells. β-Carotene- induced alterations, including an increase in DNA fragmentation and p53 levels and a decrease in nuclear ATM and cellular Bcl-2 levels, were inhibited in the cells transfected with full-length ATM cDNA compared to wild-type cells or the cells transfected with control vector plasmid control DNA vector (pcDNA). In conclusion, β-carotene induces apoptosis by increasing apoptotic protein p53 and decreasing anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 as well as nuclear ATM in AGS cells. Nuclear loss of ATM may be the underlying mechanism of β-carotene-induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=69149103822&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=69149103822&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04711.x
DO - 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04711.x
M3 - Conference contribution
C2 - 19723050
AN - SCOPUS:69149103822
SN - 9781573317375
T3 - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
SP - 156
EP - 162
BT - Natural Compounds and Their Role in Apoptotic Cell Signaling Pathways
PB - Blackwell Publishing Inc.
ER -
