TY - JOUR
T1 - Investigation on microstructure evolution of iron-based alloy via synchronous powder-feeding underwater laser additive
AU - Liu, Yi
AU - Zhang, Xin
AU - Zhang, Hui Yu
AU - Li, Chang jiu
AU - Cho, Hyung Hee
AU - Li, Cheng xin
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s)
PY - 2023/6
Y1 - 2023/6
N2 - Underwater Laser Additive Manufacturing (ULAM) could further increase the size of synchronous powder-feeding underwater laser cladding (SULC) coatings to achieve underwater preparation devices and emergency repairs. In this paper, the homemade SULC system is used to prepare iron-based planar claddings and bulks, and the grain growth and structural characteristics of underwater additive bulk are obtained by micro-analysis. The grain's growth in the upper part of the bulk is similar to the planar cladding, and the area near the substrate has no obvious columnar grains due to the instability of the temperature gradient for multiple heat input. The EBSD results show that changes in grain size and dislocation density occurred in the additive interface. A periodic fine-grained band in the middle of the bulk appeared, the average hardness of the fine-grained band is 805Hv0.025, and the hardness of the larger equiaxed grain area is 770Hv0.025. Numerical simulation was utilized to obtain temperature field of the SULC laser heating process by introducing the protective airflow and boiling model. The maximum temperature in SULC is about 16% lower than in-air laser cladding, and the boiling model will not affect the temperature distribution. This paper provides theoretical support for the further realization of ULAM.
AB - Underwater Laser Additive Manufacturing (ULAM) could further increase the size of synchronous powder-feeding underwater laser cladding (SULC) coatings to achieve underwater preparation devices and emergency repairs. In this paper, the homemade SULC system is used to prepare iron-based planar claddings and bulks, and the grain growth and structural characteristics of underwater additive bulk are obtained by micro-analysis. The grain's growth in the upper part of the bulk is similar to the planar cladding, and the area near the substrate has no obvious columnar grains due to the instability of the temperature gradient for multiple heat input. The EBSD results show that changes in grain size and dislocation density occurred in the additive interface. A periodic fine-grained band in the middle of the bulk appeared, the average hardness of the fine-grained band is 805Hv0.025, and the hardness of the larger equiaxed grain area is 770Hv0.025. Numerical simulation was utilized to obtain temperature field of the SULC laser heating process by introducing the protective airflow and boiling model. The maximum temperature in SULC is about 16% lower than in-air laser cladding, and the boiling model will not affect the temperature distribution. This paper provides theoretical support for the further realization of ULAM.
KW - Grain growth
KW - Numerical temperature field
KW - Synchronize powder-feeding
KW - Underwater laser additive
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U2 - 10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111985
DO - 10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111985
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85159169950
SN - 0264-1275
VL - 230
JO - Materials and Design
JF - Materials and Design
M1 - 111985
ER -