Intermediate Fluence Downward Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes as Observed by the Telescope Array Surface Detector

R. U. Abbasi; N. Kieu; P. R. Krehbiel; J. W. Belz; M. M.F. Saba; W. Rison; M. A. Stanley; D. Rodeheffer; D. Mazzucco; T. Knight; D. R. da Silva; I. T. Cruz; J. Remington; J. Mazich; R. LeVon; K. Smout; A. Petrizze; E. Mattos; T. Abu-Zayyad; M. Allen; R. Arimura; E. Barcikowski; D. R. Bergman; S. A. Blake; I. Buckland; B. G. Cheon; M. Chikawa; T. Fujii; K. Fujisue; K. Fujita; R. Fujiwara; M. Fukushima; G. Furlich; N. Globus; R. Gonzalez; W. Hanlon; N. Hayashida; H. He; K. Hibino; R. Higuchi; K. Honda; D. Ikeda; N. Inoue; T. Ishii; H. Ito; D. Ivanov; H. Iwakura; A. Iwasaki; H. M. Jeong; S. Jeong; C. C.H. Jui; K. Kadota; F. Kakimoto; O. Kalashev; K. Kasahara; S. Kasami; S. Kawakami; K. Kawata; I. Kharuk; E. Kido; H. B. Kim; J. H. Kim; J. H. Kim; S. W. Kim; Y. Kimura; I. Komae; Y. Kubota; M. Kuznetsov; Y. J. Kwon; K. H. Lee; B. Lubsandorzhiev; J. P. Lundquist; T. Matsuyama; J. N. Matthews; R. Mayta; I. Myers; S. Nagataki; K. Nakai; R. Nakamura; T. Nakamura; A. Nakazawa; E. Nishio; T. Nonaka; S. Ogio; M. Ohnishi; H. Ohoka; Y. Oku; T. Okuda; Y. Omura; M. Ono; A. Oshima; S. Ozawa; I. H. Park; M. Potts; M. S. Pshirkov; D. C. Rodriguez; C. Rott; G. I. Rubtsov; D. Ryu; H. Sagawa; N. Sakaki; T. Sako; N. Sakurai; T. Seki; K. Sekino; P. D. Shah; Y. Shibasaki; N. Shibata; T. Shibata; J. Shikita; H. Shimodaira; B. K. Shin; H. S. Shin; D. Shinto; J. D. Smith; P. Sokolsky; B. T. Stokes; T. A. Stroman; K. Takahashi; M. Takamura; M. Takeda; R. Takeishi; A. Taketa; M. Takita; Y. Tameda; K. Tanaka; M. Tanaka; S. B. Thomas; G. B. Thomson; P. Tinyakov; I. Tkachev; T. Tomida; S. Troitsky; Y. Tsunesada; S. Udo; T. Uehama; F. Urban; D. Warren; T. Wong; M. Yamamoto; K. Yamazaki; K. Yashiro; F. Yoshida; Y. Zhezher; Z. Zundel

doi:10.1029/2024JD041260

Intermediate Fluence Downward Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes as Observed by the Telescope Array Surface Detector

R. U. Abbasi, N. Kieu, P. R. Krehbiel, J. W. Belz, M. M.F. Saba, W. Rison, M. A. Stanley, D. Rodeheffer, D. Mazzucco, T. Knight, D. R. da Silva, I. T. Cruz, J. Remington, J. Mazich, R. LeVon, K. Smout, A. Petrizze, E. Mattos, T. Abu-Zayyad, M. AllenR. Arimura, E. Barcikowski, D. R. Bergman, S. A. Blake, I. Buckland, B. G. Cheon, M. Chikawa, T. Fujii, K. Fujisue, K. Fujita, R. Fujiwara, M. Fukushima, G. Furlich, N. Globus, R. Gonzalez, W. Hanlon, N. Hayashida, H. He, K. Hibino, R. Higuchi, K. Honda, D. Ikeda, N. Inoue, T. Ishii, H. Ito, D. Ivanov, H. Iwakura, A. Iwasaki, H. M. Jeong, S. Jeong, C. C.H. Jui, K. Kadota, F. Kakimoto, O. Kalashev, K. Kasahara, S. Kasami, S. Kawakami, K. Kawata, I. Kharuk, E. Kido, H. B. Kim, J. H. Kim, J. H. Kim, S. W. Kim, Y. Kimura, I. Komae, Y. Kubota, M. Kuznetsov, Y. J. Kwon, K. H. Lee, B. Lubsandorzhiev, J. P. Lundquist, T. Matsuyama, J. N. Matthews, R. Mayta, I. Myers, S. Nagataki, K. Nakai, R. Nakamura, T. Nakamura, A. Nakazawa, E. Nishio, T. Nonaka, S. Ogio, M. Ohnishi, H. Ohoka, Y. Oku, T. Okuda, Y. Omura, M. Ono, A. Oshima, S. Ozawa, I. H. Park, M. Potts, M. S. Pshirkov, D. C. Rodriguez, C. Rott, G. I. Rubtsov, D. Ryu, H. Sagawa, N. Sakaki, T. Sako, N. Sakurai, T. Seki, K. Sekino, P. D. Shah, Y. Shibasaki, N. Shibata, T. Shibata, J. Shikita, H. Shimodaira, B. K. Shin, H. S. Shin, D. Shinto, J. D. Smith, P. Sokolsky, B. T. Stokes, T. A. Stroman, K. Takahashi, M. Takamura, M. Takeda, R. Takeishi, A. Taketa, M. Takita, Y. Tameda, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, S. B. Thomas, G. B. Thomson, P. Tinyakov, I. Tkachev, T. Tomida, S. Troitsky, Y. Tsunesada, S. Udo, T. Uehama, F. Urban, D. Warren, T. Wong, M. Yamamoto, K. Yamazaki, K. Yashiro, F. Yoshida, Y. Zhezher, Z. Zundel

Department of Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

On 11 September 2021, two small thunderstorms developed over the Telescope Array Surface Detector (TASD) that produced an unprecedented number of six downward terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) within one-hour timeframe. The TGFs occurred during the initial stage of negative cloud-to-ground flashes whose return strokes had increasingly large peak currents up to (Formula presented.) 223 kA, 147 GeV energy deposit in up to 25 1.2 km-spaced surface detectors, and intermittent bursts of gamma-rays with total durations up to 717 (Formula presented.) s. The analyses are based on observations recorded by the TASD network, complemented by data from a 3D lightning mapping array, broadband VHF interferometer, fast electric field change sensor, high-speed video camera, and the National Lightning Detection Network. The TGFs of the final two flashes had gamma fluences of (Formula presented.) and 8 (Formula presented.), logarithmically bridging the gap between previous TASD and satellite-based detections. The observations further emphasize the similarity between upward and downward TGF varieties, suggesting a common mechanism for their production.

Original language	English
Article number	e2024JD041260
Journal	Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
Volume	129
Issue number	24
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD041260
Publication status	Published - 2024 Dec 28

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2024. The Author(s).

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Geophysics
Atmospheric Science
Space and Planetary Science
Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)

Access to Document

10.1029/2024JD041260

Cite this

Abbasi, R. U., Kieu, N., Krehbiel, P. R., Belz, J. W., Saba, M. M. F., Rison, W., Stanley, M. A., Rodeheffer, D., Mazzucco, D., Knight, T., da Silva, D. R., Cruz, I. T., Remington, J., Mazich, J., LeVon, R., Smout, K., Petrizze, A., Mattos, E., Abu-Zayyad, T., ... Zundel, Z. (2024). Intermediate Fluence Downward Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes as Observed by the Telescope Array Surface Detector. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 129(24), Article e2024JD041260. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD041260

@article{04d9fe82f4aa46d3bce82bf49f58a1ea,

title = "Intermediate Fluence Downward Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes as Observed by the Telescope Array Surface Detector",

abstract = "On 11 September 2021, two small thunderstorms developed over the Telescope Array Surface Detector (TASD) that produced an unprecedented number of six downward terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) within one-hour timeframe. The TGFs occurred during the initial stage of negative cloud-to-ground flashes whose return strokes had increasingly large peak currents up to (Formula presented.) 223 kA, 147 GeV energy deposit in up to 25 1.2 km-spaced surface detectors, and intermittent bursts of gamma-rays with total durations up to 717 (Formula presented.) s. The analyses are based on observations recorded by the TASD network, complemented by data from a 3D lightning mapping array, broadband VHF interferometer, fast electric field change sensor, high-speed video camera, and the National Lightning Detection Network. The TGFs of the final two flashes had gamma fluences of (Formula presented.) and 8 (Formula presented.), logarithmically bridging the gap between previous TASD and satellite-based detections. The observations further emphasize the similarity between upward and downward TGF varieties, suggesting a common mechanism for their production.",

author = "Abbasi, {R. U.} and N. Kieu and Krehbiel, {P. R.} and Belz, {J. W.} and Saba, {M. M.F.} and W. Rison and Stanley, {M. A.} and D. Rodeheffer and D. Mazzucco and T. Knight and {da Silva}, {D. R.} and Cruz, {I. T.} and J. Remington and J. Mazich and R. LeVon and K. Smout and A. Petrizze and E. Mattos and T. Abu-Zayyad and M. Allen and R. Arimura and E. Barcikowski and Bergman, {D. R.} and Blake, {S. A.} and I. Buckland and Cheon, {B. G.} and M. Chikawa and T. Fujii and K. Fujisue and K. Fujita and R. Fujiwara and M. Fukushima and G. Furlich and N. Globus and R. Gonzalez and W. Hanlon and N. Hayashida and H. He and K. Hibino and R. Higuchi and K. Honda and D. Ikeda and N. Inoue and T. Ishii and H. Ito and D. Ivanov and H. Iwakura and A. Iwasaki and Jeong, {H. M.} and S. Jeong and Jui, {C. C.H.} and K. Kadota and F. Kakimoto and O. Kalashev and K. Kasahara and S. Kasami and S. Kawakami and K. Kawata and I. Kharuk and E. Kido and Kim, {H. B.} and Kim, {J. H.} and Kim, {J. H.} and Kim, {S. W.} and Y. Kimura and I. Komae and Y. Kubota and M. Kuznetsov and Kwon, {Y. J.} and Lee, {K. H.} and B. Lubsandorzhiev and Lundquist, {J. P.} and T. Matsuyama and Matthews, {J. N.} and R. Mayta and I. Myers and S. Nagataki and K. Nakai and R. Nakamura and T. Nakamura and A. Nakazawa and E. Nishio and T. Nonaka and S. Ogio and M. Ohnishi and H. Ohoka and Y. Oku and T. Okuda and Y. Omura and M. Ono and A. Oshima and S. Ozawa and Park, {I. H.} and M. Potts and Pshirkov, {M. S.} and Rodriguez, {D. C.} and C. Rott and Rubtsov, {G. I.} and D. Ryu and H. Sagawa and N. Sakaki and T. Sako and N. Sakurai and T. Seki and K. Sekino and Shah, {P. D.} and Y. Shibasaki and N. Shibata and T. Shibata and J. Shikita and H. Shimodaira and Shin, {B. K.} and Shin, {H. S.} and D. Shinto and Smith, {J. D.} and P. Sokolsky and Stokes, {B. T.} and Stroman, {T. A.} and K. Takahashi and M. Takamura and M. Takeda and R. Takeishi and A. Taketa and M. Takita and Y. Tameda and K. Tanaka and M. Tanaka and Thomas, {S. B.} and Thomson, {G. B.} and P. Tinyakov and I. Tkachev and T. Tomida and S. Troitsky and Y. Tsunesada and S. Udo and T. Uehama and F. Urban and D. Warren and T. Wong and M. Yamamoto and K. Yamazaki and K. Yashiro and F. Yoshida and Y. Zhezher and Z. Zundel",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024. The Author(s).",

year = "2024",

month = dec,

day = "28",

doi = "10.1029/2024JD041260",

language = "English",

volume = "129",

journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres",

issn = "2169-897X",

number = "24",

}

Abbasi, RU, Kieu, N, Krehbiel, PR, Belz, JW, Saba, MMF, Rison, W, Stanley, MA, Rodeheffer, D, Mazzucco, D, Knight, T, da Silva, DR, Cruz, IT, Remington, J, Mazich, J, LeVon, R, Smout, K, Petrizze, A, Mattos, E, Abu-Zayyad, T, Allen, M, Arimura, R, Barcikowski, E, Bergman, DR, Blake, SA, Buckland, I, Cheon, BG, Chikawa, M, Fujii, T, Fujisue, K, Fujita, K, Fujiwara, R, Fukushima, M, Furlich, G, Globus, N, Gonzalez, R, Hanlon, W, Hayashida, N, He, H, Hibino, K, Higuchi, R, Honda, K, Ikeda, D, Inoue, N, Ishii, T, Ito, H, Ivanov, D, Iwakura, H, Iwasaki, A, Jeong, HM, Jeong, S, Jui, CCH, Kadota, K, Kakimoto, F, Kalashev, O, Kasahara, K, Kasami, S, Kawakami, S, Kawata, K, Kharuk, I, Kido, E, Kim, HB, Kim, JH, Kim, JH, Kim, SW, Kimura, Y, Komae, I, Kubota, Y, Kuznetsov, M, Kwon, YJ, Lee, KH, Lubsandorzhiev, B, Lundquist, JP, Matsuyama, T, Matthews, JN, Mayta, R, Myers, I, Nagataki, S, Nakai, K, Nakamura, R, Nakamura, T, Nakazawa, A, Nishio, E, Nonaka, T, Ogio, S, Ohnishi, M, Ohoka, H, Oku, Y, Okuda, T, Omura, Y, Ono, M, Oshima, A, Ozawa, S, Park, IH, Potts, M, Pshirkov, MS, Rodriguez, DC, Rott, C, Rubtsov, GI, Ryu, D, Sagawa, H, Sakaki, N, Sako, T, Sakurai, N, Seki, T, Sekino, K, Shah, PD, Shibasaki, Y, Shibata, N, Shibata, T, Shikita, J, Shimodaira, H, Shin, BK, Shin, HS, Shinto, D, Smith, JD, Sokolsky, P, Stokes, BT, Stroman, TA, Takahashi, K, Takamura, M, Takeda, M, Takeishi, R, Taketa, A, Takita, M, Tameda, Y, Tanaka, K, Tanaka, M, Thomas, SB, Thomson, GB, Tinyakov, P, Tkachev, I, Tomida, T, Troitsky, S, Tsunesada, Y, Udo, S, Uehama, T, Urban, F, Warren, D, Wong, T, Yamamoto, M, Yamazaki, K, Yashiro, K, Yoshida, F, Zhezher, Y & Zundel, Z 2024, 'Intermediate Fluence Downward Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes as Observed by the Telescope Array Surface Detector', Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 129, no. 24, e2024JD041260. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD041260

TY - JOUR

T1 - Intermediate Fluence Downward Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes as Observed by the Telescope Array Surface Detector

AU - Abbasi, R. U.

AU - Kieu, N.

AU - Krehbiel, P. R.

AU - Belz, J. W.

AU - Saba, M. M.F.

AU - Rison, W.

AU - Stanley, M. A.

AU - Rodeheffer, D.

AU - Mazzucco, D.

AU - Knight, T.

AU - da Silva, D. R.

AU - Cruz, I. T.

AU - Remington, J.

AU - Mazich, J.

AU - LeVon, R.

AU - Smout, K.

AU - Petrizze, A.

AU - Mattos, E.

AU - Abu-Zayyad, T.

AU - Allen, M.

AU - Arimura, R.

AU - Barcikowski, E.

AU - Bergman, D. R.

AU - Blake, S. A.

AU - Buckland, I.

AU - Cheon, B. G.

AU - Chikawa, M.

AU - Fujii, T.

AU - Fujisue, K.

AU - Fujita, K.

AU - Fujiwara, R.

AU - Fukushima, M.

AU - Furlich, G.

AU - Globus, N.

AU - Gonzalez, R.

AU - Hanlon, W.

AU - Hayashida, N.

AU - He, H.

AU - Hibino, K.

AU - Higuchi, R.

AU - Honda, K.

AU - Ikeda, D.

AU - Inoue, N.

AU - Ishii, T.

AU - Ito, H.

AU - Ivanov, D.

AU - Iwakura, H.

AU - Iwasaki, A.

AU - Jeong, H. M.

AU - Jeong, S.

AU - Jui, C. C.H.

AU - Kadota, K.

AU - Kakimoto, F.

AU - Kalashev, O.

AU - Kasahara, K.

AU - Kasami, S.

AU - Kawakami, S.

AU - Kawata, K.

AU - Kharuk, I.

AU - Kido, E.

AU - Kim, H. B.

AU - Kim, J. H.

AU - Kim, S. W.

AU - Kimura, Y.

AU - Komae, I.

AU - Kubota, Y.

AU - Kuznetsov, M.

AU - Kwon, Y. J.

AU - Lee, K. H.

AU - Lubsandorzhiev, B.

AU - Lundquist, J. P.

AU - Matsuyama, T.

AU - Matthews, J. N.

AU - Mayta, R.

AU - Myers, I.

AU - Nagataki, S.

AU - Nakai, K.

AU - Nakamura, R.

AU - Nakamura, T.

AU - Nakazawa, A.

AU - Nishio, E.

AU - Nonaka, T.

AU - Ogio, S.

AU - Ohnishi, M.

AU - Ohoka, H.

AU - Oku, Y.

AU - Okuda, T.

AU - Omura, Y.

AU - Ono, M.

AU - Oshima, A.

AU - Ozawa, S.

AU - Park, I. H.

AU - Potts, M.

AU - Pshirkov, M. S.

AU - Rodriguez, D. C.

AU - Rott, C.

AU - Rubtsov, G. I.

AU - Ryu, D.

AU - Sagawa, H.

AU - Sakaki, N.

AU - Sako, T.

AU - Sakurai, N.

AU - Seki, T.

AU - Sekino, K.

AU - Shah, P. D.

AU - Shibasaki, Y.

AU - Shibata, N.

AU - Shibata, T.

AU - Shikita, J.

AU - Shimodaira, H.

AU - Shin, B. K.

AU - Shin, H. S.

AU - Shinto, D.

AU - Smith, J. D.

AU - Sokolsky, P.

AU - Stokes, B. T.

AU - Stroman, T. A.

AU - Takahashi, K.

AU - Takamura, M.

AU - Takeda, M.

AU - Takeishi, R.

AU - Taketa, A.

AU - Takita, M.

AU - Tameda, Y.

AU - Tanaka, K.

AU - Tanaka, M.

AU - Thomas, S. B.

AU - Thomson, G. B.

AU - Tinyakov, P.

AU - Tkachev, I.

AU - Tomida, T.

AU - Troitsky, S.

AU - Tsunesada, Y.

AU - Udo, S.

AU - Uehama, T.

AU - Urban, F.

AU - Warren, D.

AU - Wong, T.

AU - Yamamoto, M.

AU - Yamazaki, K.

AU - Yashiro, K.

AU - Yoshida, F.

AU - Zhezher, Y.

AU - Zundel, Z.

PY - 2024/12/28

Y1 - 2024/12/28

N2 - On 11 September 2021, two small thunderstorms developed over the Telescope Array Surface Detector (TASD) that produced an unprecedented number of six downward terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) within one-hour timeframe. The TGFs occurred during the initial stage of negative cloud-to-ground flashes whose return strokes had increasingly large peak currents up to (Formula presented.) 223 kA, 147 GeV energy deposit in up to 25 1.2 km-spaced surface detectors, and intermittent bursts of gamma-rays with total durations up to 717 (Formula presented.) s. The analyses are based on observations recorded by the TASD network, complemented by data from a 3D lightning mapping array, broadband VHF interferometer, fast electric field change sensor, high-speed video camera, and the National Lightning Detection Network. The TGFs of the final two flashes had gamma fluences of (Formula presented.) and 8 (Formula presented.), logarithmically bridging the gap between previous TASD and satellite-based detections. The observations further emphasize the similarity between upward and downward TGF varieties, suggesting a common mechanism for their production.

AB - On 11 September 2021, two small thunderstorms developed over the Telescope Array Surface Detector (TASD) that produced an unprecedented number of six downward terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) within one-hour timeframe. The TGFs occurred during the initial stage of negative cloud-to-ground flashes whose return strokes had increasingly large peak currents up to (Formula presented.) 223 kA, 147 GeV energy deposit in up to 25 1.2 km-spaced surface detectors, and intermittent bursts of gamma-rays with total durations up to 717 (Formula presented.) s. The analyses are based on observations recorded by the TASD network, complemented by data from a 3D lightning mapping array, broadband VHF interferometer, fast electric field change sensor, high-speed video camera, and the National Lightning Detection Network. The TGFs of the final two flashes had gamma fluences of (Formula presented.) and 8 (Formula presented.), logarithmically bridging the gap between previous TASD and satellite-based detections. The observations further emphasize the similarity between upward and downward TGF varieties, suggesting a common mechanism for their production.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85211500554&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85211500554&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1029/2024JD041260

DO - 10.1029/2024JD041260

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85211500554

SN - 2169-897X

VL - 129

JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

IS - 24

M1 - e2024JD041260

ER -

Intermediate Fluence Downward Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes as Observed by the Telescope Array Surface Detector

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