Horizontal displacement of anchored retention walls for underground excavation

An empirical criterion is established to monitor and ensure the stability of deep excavation in which anchored retention walls are applied. An extensive instrumentation system comprising load cells, inclinometers and standpipe piezometers is designed on 21 building construction sites. The relationship between the earth pressures and the horizontal displacements of the anchored retention walls is investigated precisely on the base of the field measurements from both stable and unstable construction sites.