Guided bone regeneration using cyanoacrylate-combined calcium phosphate in a dehiscence defect: A histologic study in dogs

This study evaluated the effects of cyanoacrylate-combined calcium phosphate (CCP) as a candidate for a barrier membrane substitute in guided bone regeneration and the space maintenance capability of CCP placed in a dehiscence defect model. Six standardized dehiscence defects (5 × 3 mm, height × width) around dental implants were created on unilateral edentulous ridges in 5 dogs, where each defect was treated with sham surgery, biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), CCP, barrier membrane (MEM), BCP + MEM, and CCP + MEM. The animals were sacrificed after an 8-week healing interval for histologic and histometric analyses. The BCP and CCP sites showed increased bone formation compared with the control sites, although incomplete defect resolution occurred; bone regeneration heights (area) averaged 3.52 ± 0.69 mm (4.94 ± 2.59 mm²), 3.51 ± 0.16 mm (4.10 ± 1.99 mm²), and 1.53 ± 0.42 mm (1.01 ± 0.74 mm²) for the BCP, CCP, and control sites, respectively. All the MEM sites showed more bone formation compared with the sites that received the same biomaterials without a MEM, and the BCP + MEM and CCP + MEM sites showed extensive bone formation within the defect and on top of the implant; the bone regeneration heights (area) averaged 3.96 ± 2.86 mm (12.46 ± 11.61 mm²), 5.45 ± 0.25 mm (11.63 ± 1.97 mm²), and 2.62 ± 0.27 mm (3.43 ± 0.98 mm²) for the BCP + MEM, CCP + MEM, and MEM sites, respectively. CCP can be a good scaffold for supporting an MEM as opposed to acting as a substitute for the MEM in guided bone regeneration.