Gain monitoring of telescope array photomultiplier cameras for the first 4 years of operation

B. K. Shin; H. Tokuno; Y. Tsunesada; T. Abu-Zayyad; R. Aida; M. Allen; R. Anderson; R. Azuma; E. Barcikowski; J. W. Belz; D. R. Bergman; S. A. Blake; R. Cady; B. G. Cheon; J. Chiba; M. Chikawa; E. J. Cho; W. R. Cho; H. Fujii; T. Fujii; T. Fukuda; M. Fukushima; W. Hanlon; K. Hayashi; Y. Hayashi; N. Hayashida; K. Hibino; K. Hiyama; K. Honda; T. Iguchi; D. Ikeda; K. Ikuta; N. Inoue; T. Ishii; R. Ishimori; D. Ivanov; S. Iwamoto; C. C.H. Jui; K. Kadota; F. Kakimoto; O. Kalashev; T. Kanbe; K. Kasahara; H. Kawai; S. Kawakami; S. Kawana; E. Kido; H. B. Kim; H. K. Kim; J. H. Kim; J. H. Kim; K. Kitamoto; S. Kitamura; Y. Kitamura; K. Kobayashi; Y. Kobayashi; Y. Kondo; K. Kuramoto; V. Kuzmin; Y. J. Kwon; S. I. Lim; S. Machida; K. Martens; J. Martineau; T. Matsuda; T. Matsuura; T. Matsuyama; J. N. Matthews; I. Myers; M. Minamino; K. Miyata; Y. Murano; K. Nagasawa; S. Nagataki; T. Nakamura; S. W. Nam; T. Nonaka; S. Ogio; M. Ohnishi; H. Ohoka; K. Oki; D. Oku; T. Okuda; A. Oshima; S. Ozawa; I. H. Park; M. S. Pshirkov; D. C. Rodriguez; S. Y. Roh; G. Rubtsov; D. Ryu; H. Sagawa; N. Sakurai; A. L. Sampson; L. M. Scott; P. D. Shah; F. Shibata; T. Shibata; H. Shimodaira; J. I. Shin; T. Shirahama; J. D. Smith; P. Sokolsky; T. J. Sonley; R. W. Springer; B. T. Stokes; S. R. Stratton; T. Stroman; S. Suzuki; Y. Takahashi; M. Takeda; A. Taketa; M. Takita; Y. Tameda; H. Tanaka; K. Tanaka; M. Tanaka; S. B. Thomas; G. B. Thomson; P. Tinyakov; I. Tkachev; T. Tomida; S. Troitsky; K. Tsutsumi; Y. Tsuyuguchi; Y. Uchihori; S. Udo; H. Ukai; G. Vasiloff; Y. Wada; T. Wong; M. Wood; Y. Yamakawa; R. Yamane; H. Yamaoka; K. Yamazaki; J. Yang; Y. Yoneda; S. Yoshida; H. Yoshii; X. Zhou; R. Zollinger; Z. Zundel

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2014.09.059

Gain monitoring of telescope array photomultiplier cameras for the first 4 years of operation

B. K. Shin, H. Tokuno, Y. Tsunesada, T. Abu-Zayyad, R. Aida, M. Allen, R. Anderson, R. Azuma, E. Barcikowski, J. W. Belz, D. R. Bergman, S. A. Blake, R. Cady, B. G. Cheon, J. Chiba, M. Chikawa, E. J. Cho, W. R. Cho, H. Fujii, T. FujiiT. Fukuda, M. Fukushima, W. Hanlon, K. Hayashi, Y. Hayashi, N. Hayashida, K. Hibino, K. Hiyama, K. Honda, T. Iguchi, D. Ikeda, K. Ikuta, N. Inoue, T. Ishii, R. Ishimori, D. Ivanov, S. Iwamoto, C. C.H. Jui, K. Kadota, F. Kakimoto, O. Kalashev, T. Kanbe, K. Kasahara, H. Kawai, S. Kawakami, S. Kawana, E. Kido, H. B. Kim, H. K. Kim, J. H. Kim, J. H. Kim, K. Kitamoto, S. Kitamura, Y. Kitamura, K. Kobayashi, Y. Kobayashi, Y. Kondo, K. Kuramoto, V. Kuzmin, Y. J. Kwon, S. I. Lim, S. Machida, K. Martens, J. Martineau, T. Matsuda, T. Matsuura, T. Matsuyama, J. N. Matthews, I. Myers, M. Minamino, K. Miyata, Y. Murano, K. Nagasawa, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, S. W. Nam, T. Nonaka, S. Ogio, M. Ohnishi, H. Ohoka, K. Oki, D. Oku, T. Okuda, A. Oshima, S. Ozawa, I. H. Park, M. S. Pshirkov, D. C. Rodriguez, S. Y. Roh, G. Rubtsov, D. Ryu, H. Sagawa, N. Sakurai, A. L. Sampson, L. M. Scott, P. D. Shah, F. Shibata, T. Shibata, H. Shimodaira, J. I. Shin, T. Shirahama, J. D. Smith, P. Sokolsky, T. J. Sonley, R. W. Springer, B. T. Stokes, S. R. Stratton, T. Stroman, S. Suzuki, Y. Takahashi, M. Takeda, A. Taketa, M. Takita, Y. Tameda, H. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, S. B. Thomas, G. B. Thomson, P. Tinyakov, I. Tkachev, T. Tomida, S. Troitsky, K. Tsutsumi, Y. Tsuyuguchi, Y. Uchihori, S. Udo, H. Ukai, G. Vasiloff, Y. Wada, T. Wong, M. Wood, Y. Yamakawa, R. Yamane, H. Yamaoka, K. Yamazaki, J. Yang, Y. Yoneda, S. Yoshida, H. Yoshii, X. Zhou, R. Zollinger, Z. Zundel

Department of Physics

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9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The stability of the gain of the photomultiplier (PMT) camera for the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Telescope Array experiment was monitored using an ²⁴¹Am loaded scintillator pulsers (YAP) and a diffused xenon flasher (TXF) for a selected set of 35 PMT-readout channels. From the monitoring of YAP pulses over four years of FD operation, we found slow monotonic drifts of PMT gains at a rate of -1.7∼+1.7%/year. An average of the PMT gains over the 35 channels stayed nearly constant with a rate of change measured at -0.01±0.31(stat)±0.21(sys)%/year. No systematic decrease of the PMT gain caused by the night sky background was observed. Monitoring by the TXF also tracked the PMT gain drift of the YAP at 0.88±0.14(stat)%/year.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	96-103
Number of pages	8
Journal	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Volume	768
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2014.09.059
Publication status	Published - 2014 Dec 21

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We gratefully acknowledge Dr. M. Korjik and Prof. M. Kobayashi for elucidating discussions on the construction of the YAP pulser and its performance. The Telescope Array experiment is supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science through Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Specially Promoted Research ( 21000002 ) “Extreme Phenomena in the Universe Explored by Highest Energy Cosmic Rays”, and the Inter-University Research Program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research; by the U.S. National Science Foundation awards PHY-0307098 , PHY-0601915 , PHY-0703893 , PHY-0758342 , and PHY-0848320 (Utah) and PHY-0649681 (Rutgers); by the National Research Foundation of Korea ( 2006-0050031 , 2007-0056005 , 2007-0093860 , 2010-0028071 , 2013004883 ); by the Russian Academy of Sciences , RFBR grants 10-02-01406a and 11-02-01528a (INR), IISN project No. 4.4509.10 and Belgian Science Policy under IUAP VI/11 (ULB). The foundations of Dr. Ezekiel R. and Edna Wattis Dumke, Willard L. Eccles and the George S. and Dolores Dore Eccles all helped with generous donations. The State of Utah supported the project through its Economic Development Board, and the University of Utah through the Office of the Vice President for Research. The experimental site became available through the cooperation of the Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration (SITLA), U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Air Force. We also wish to thank the people and the officials of Millard County, Utah, for their steadfast and warm support. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions from the technical staffs of our home institutions and the University of Utah Center for High Performance Computing (CHPC). This work was partially supported by the Research Fund of Hanyang University ( HY-2009-O ).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Instrumentation

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10.1016/j.nima.2014.09.059

Cite this

Shin, B. K., Tokuno, H., Tsunesada, Y., Abu-Zayyad, T., Aida, R., Allen, M., Anderson, R., Azuma, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Cho, E. J., Cho, W. R., Fujii, H., ... Zundel, Z. (2014). Gain monitoring of telescope array photomultiplier cameras for the first 4 years of operation. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 768, 96-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2014.09.059

@article{636373e59edb4c0b8c71ee69c8d45c86,

title = "Gain monitoring of telescope array photomultiplier cameras for the first 4 years of operation",

abstract = "The stability of the gain of the photomultiplier (PMT) camera for the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Telescope Array experiment was monitored using an 241Am loaded scintillator pulsers (YAP) and a diffused xenon flasher (TXF) for a selected set of 35 PMT-readout channels. From the monitoring of YAP pulses over four years of FD operation, we found slow monotonic drifts of PMT gains at a rate of -1.7∼+1.7%/year. An average of the PMT gains over the 35 channels stayed nearly constant with a rate of change measured at -0.01±0.31(stat)±0.21(sys)%/year. No systematic decrease of the PMT gain caused by the night sky background was observed. Monitoring by the TXF also tracked the PMT gain drift of the YAP at 0.88±0.14(stat)%/year.",

author = "Shin, {B. K.} and H. Tokuno and Y. Tsunesada and T. Abu-Zayyad and R. Aida and M. Allen and R. Anderson and R. Azuma and E. Barcikowski and Belz, {J. W.} and Bergman, {D. R.} and Blake, {S. A.} and R. Cady and Cheon, {B. G.} and J. Chiba and M. Chikawa and Cho, {E. J.} and Cho, {W. R.} and H. Fujii and T. Fujii and T. Fukuda and M. Fukushima and W. Hanlon and K. Hayashi and Y. Hayashi and N. Hayashida and K. Hibino and K. Hiyama and K. Honda and T. Iguchi and D. Ikeda and K. Ikuta and N. Inoue and T. Ishii and R. Ishimori and D. Ivanov and S. Iwamoto and Jui, {C. C.H.} and K. Kadota and F. Kakimoto and O. Kalashev and T. Kanbe and K. Kasahara and H. Kawai and S. Kawakami and S. Kawana and E. Kido and Kim, {H. B.} and Kim, {H. K.} and Kim, {J. H.} and Kim, {J. H.} and K. Kitamoto and S. Kitamura and Y. Kitamura and K. Kobayashi and Y. Kobayashi and Y. Kondo and K. Kuramoto and V. Kuzmin and Kwon, {Y. J.} and Lim, {S. I.} and S. Machida and K. Martens and J. Martineau and T. Matsuda and T. Matsuura and T. Matsuyama and Matthews, {J. N.} and I. Myers and M. Minamino and K. Miyata and Y. Murano and K. Nagasawa and S. Nagataki and T. Nakamura and Nam, {S. W.} and T. Nonaka and S. Ogio and M. Ohnishi and H. Ohoka and K. Oki and D. Oku and T. Okuda and A. Oshima and S. Ozawa and Park, {I. H.} and Pshirkov, {M. S.} and Rodriguez, {D. C.} and Roh, {S. Y.} and G. Rubtsov and D. Ryu and H. Sagawa and N. Sakurai and Sampson, {A. L.} and Scott, {L. M.} and Shah, {P. D.} and F. Shibata and T. Shibata and H. Shimodaira and Shin, {J. I.} and T. Shirahama and Smith, {J. D.} and P. Sokolsky and Sonley, {T. J.} and Springer, {R. W.} and Stokes, {B. T.} and Stratton, {S. R.} and T. Stroman and S. Suzuki and Y. Takahashi and M. Takeda and A. Taketa and M. Takita and Y. Tameda and H. Tanaka and K. Tanaka and M. Tanaka and Thomas, {S. B.} and Thomson, {G. B.} and P. Tinyakov and I. Tkachev and T. Tomida and S. Troitsky and K. Tsutsumi and Y. Tsuyuguchi and Y. Uchihori and S. Udo and H. Ukai and G. Vasiloff and Y. Wada and T. Wong and M. Wood and Y. Yamakawa and R. Yamane and H. Yamaoka and K. Yamazaki and J. Yang and Y. Yoneda and S. Yoshida and H. Yoshii and X. Zhou and R. Zollinger and Z. Zundel",

note = "Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge Dr. M. Korjik and Prof. M. Kobayashi for elucidating discussions on the construction of the YAP pulser and its performance. The Telescope Array experiment is supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science through Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Specially Promoted Research ( 21000002 ) “Extreme Phenomena in the Universe Explored by Highest Energy Cosmic Rays”, and the Inter-University Research Program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research; by the U.S. National Science Foundation awards PHY-0307098 , PHY-0601915 , PHY-0703893 , PHY-0758342 , and PHY-0848320 (Utah) and PHY-0649681 (Rutgers); by the National Research Foundation of Korea ( 2006-0050031 , 2007-0056005 , 2007-0093860 , 2010-0028071 , 2013004883 ); by the Russian Academy of Sciences , RFBR grants 10-02-01406a and 11-02-01528a (INR), IISN project No. 4.4509.10 and Belgian Science Policy under IUAP VI/11 (ULB). The foundations of Dr. Ezekiel R. and Edna Wattis Dumke, Willard L. Eccles and the George S. and Dolores Dore Eccles all helped with generous donations. The State of Utah supported the project through its Economic Development Board, and the University of Utah through the Office of the Vice President for Research. The experimental site became available through the cooperation of the Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration (SITLA), U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Air Force. We also wish to thank the people and the officials of Millard County, Utah, for their steadfast and warm support. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions from the technical staffs of our home institutions and the University of Utah Center for High Performance Computing (CHPC). This work was partially supported by the Research Fund of Hanyang University ( HY-2009-O ). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",

year = "2014",

month = dec,

day = "21",

doi = "10.1016/j.nima.2014.09.059",

language = "English",

volume = "768",

pages = "96--103",

journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment",

issn = "0168-9002",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

Shin, BK, Tokuno, H, Tsunesada, Y, Abu-Zayyad, T, Aida, R, Allen, M, Anderson, R, Azuma, R, Barcikowski, E, Belz, JW, Bergman, DR, Blake, SA, Cady, R, Cheon, BG, Chiba, J, Chikawa, M, Cho, EJ, Cho, WR, Fujii, H, Fujii, T, Fukuda, T, Fukushima, M, Hanlon, W, Hayashi, K, Hayashi, Y, Hayashida, N, Hibino, K, Hiyama, K, Honda, K, Iguchi, T, Ikeda, D, Ikuta, K, Inoue, N, Ishii, T, Ishimori, R, Ivanov, D, Iwamoto, S, Jui, CCH, Kadota, K, Kakimoto, F, Kalashev, O, Kanbe, T, Kasahara, K, Kawai, H, Kawakami, S, Kawana, S, Kido, E, Kim, HB, Kim, HK, Kim, JH, Kim, JH, Kitamoto, K, Kitamura, S, Kitamura, Y, Kobayashi, K, Kobayashi, Y, Kondo, Y, Kuramoto, K, Kuzmin, V, Kwon, YJ, Lim, SI, Machida, S, Martens, K, Martineau, J, Matsuda, T, Matsuura, T, Matsuyama, T, Matthews, JN, Myers, I, Minamino, M, Miyata, K, Murano, Y, Nagasawa, K, Nagataki, S, Nakamura, T, Nam, SW, Nonaka, T, Ogio, S, Ohnishi, M, Ohoka, H, Oki, K, Oku, D, Okuda, T, Oshima, A, Ozawa, S, Park, IH, Pshirkov, MS, Rodriguez, DC, Roh, SY, Rubtsov, G, Ryu, D, Sagawa, H, Sakurai, N, Sampson, AL, Scott, LM, Shah, PD, Shibata, F, Shibata, T, Shimodaira, H, Shin, JI, Shirahama, T, Smith, JD, Sokolsky, P, Sonley, TJ, Springer, RW, Stokes, BT, Stratton, SR, Stroman, T, Suzuki, S, Takahashi, Y, Takeda, M, Taketa, A, Takita, M, Tameda, Y, Tanaka, H, Tanaka, K, Tanaka, M, Thomas, SB, Thomson, GB, Tinyakov, P, Tkachev, I, Tomida, T, Troitsky, S, Tsutsumi, K, Tsuyuguchi, Y, Uchihori, Y, Udo, S, Ukai, H, Vasiloff, G, Wada, Y, Wong, T, Wood, M, Yamakawa, Y, Yamane, R, Yamaoka, H, Yamazaki, K, Yang, J, Yoneda, Y, Yoshida, S, Yoshii, H, Zhou, X, Zollinger, R & Zundel, Z 2014, 'Gain monitoring of telescope array photomultiplier cameras for the first 4 years of operation', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 768, pp. 96-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2014.09.059

Gain monitoring of telescope array photomultiplier cameras for the first 4 years of operation. / Shin, B. K.; Tokuno, H.; Tsunesada, Y. et al.
In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 768, 21.12.2014, p. 96-103.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Gain monitoring of telescope array photomultiplier cameras for the first 4 years of operation

AU - Shin, B. K.

AU - Tokuno, H.

AU - Tsunesada, Y.

AU - Abu-Zayyad, T.

AU - Aida, R.

AU - Allen, M.

AU - Anderson, R.

AU - Azuma, R.

AU - Barcikowski, E.

AU - Belz, J. W.

AU - Bergman, D. R.

AU - Blake, S. A.

AU - Cady, R.

AU - Cheon, B. G.

AU - Chiba, J.

AU - Chikawa, M.

AU - Cho, E. J.

AU - Cho, W. R.

AU - Fujii, H.

AU - Fujii, T.

AU - Fukuda, T.

AU - Fukushima, M.

AU - Hanlon, W.

AU - Hayashi, K.

AU - Hayashi, Y.

AU - Hayashida, N.

AU - Hibino, K.

AU - Hiyama, K.

AU - Honda, K.

AU - Iguchi, T.

AU - Ikeda, D.

AU - Ikuta, K.

AU - Inoue, N.

AU - Ishii, T.

AU - Ishimori, R.

AU - Ivanov, D.

AU - Iwamoto, S.

AU - Jui, C. C.H.

AU - Kadota, K.

AU - Kakimoto, F.

AU - Kalashev, O.

AU - Kanbe, T.

AU - Kasahara, K.

AU - Kawai, H.

AU - Kawakami, S.

AU - Kawana, S.

AU - Kido, E.

AU - Kim, H. B.

AU - Kim, H. K.

AU - Kim, J. H.

AU - Kitamoto, K.

AU - Kitamura, S.

AU - Kitamura, Y.

AU - Kobayashi, K.

AU - Kobayashi, Y.

AU - Kondo, Y.

AU - Kuramoto, K.

AU - Kuzmin, V.

AU - Kwon, Y. J.

AU - Lim, S. I.

AU - Machida, S.

AU - Martens, K.

AU - Martineau, J.

AU - Matsuda, T.

AU - Matsuura, T.

AU - Matsuyama, T.

AU - Matthews, J. N.

AU - Myers, I.

AU - Minamino, M.

AU - Miyata, K.

AU - Murano, Y.

AU - Nagasawa, K.

AU - Nagataki, S.

AU - Nakamura, T.

AU - Nam, S. W.

AU - Nonaka, T.

AU - Ogio, S.

AU - Ohnishi, M.

AU - Ohoka, H.

AU - Oki, K.

AU - Oku, D.

AU - Okuda, T.

AU - Oshima, A.

AU - Ozawa, S.

AU - Park, I. H.

AU - Pshirkov, M. S.

AU - Rodriguez, D. C.

AU - Roh, S. Y.

AU - Rubtsov, G.

AU - Ryu, D.

AU - Sagawa, H.

AU - Sakurai, N.

AU - Sampson, A. L.

AU - Scott, L. M.

AU - Shah, P. D.

AU - Shibata, F.

AU - Shibata, T.

AU - Shimodaira, H.

AU - Shin, J. I.

AU - Shirahama, T.

AU - Smith, J. D.

AU - Sokolsky, P.

AU - Sonley, T. J.

AU - Springer, R. W.

AU - Stokes, B. T.

AU - Stratton, S. R.

AU - Stroman, T.

AU - Suzuki, S.

AU - Takahashi, Y.

AU - Takeda, M.

AU - Taketa, A.

AU - Takita, M.

AU - Tameda, Y.

AU - Tanaka, H.

AU - Tanaka, K.

AU - Tanaka, M.

AU - Thomas, S. B.

AU - Thomson, G. B.

AU - Tinyakov, P.

AU - Tkachev, I.

AU - Tomida, T.

AU - Troitsky, S.

AU - Tsutsumi, K.

AU - Tsuyuguchi, Y.

AU - Uchihori, Y.

AU - Udo, S.

AU - Ukai, H.

AU - Vasiloff, G.

AU - Wada, Y.

AU - Wong, T.

AU - Wood, M.

AU - Yamakawa, Y.

AU - Yamane, R.

AU - Yamaoka, H.

AU - Yamazaki, K.

AU - Yang, J.

AU - Yoneda, Y.

AU - Yoshida, S.

AU - Yoshii, H.

AU - Zhou, X.

AU - Zollinger, R.

AU - Zundel, Z.

N1 - Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge Dr. M. Korjik and Prof. M. Kobayashi for elucidating discussions on the construction of the YAP pulser and its performance. The Telescope Array experiment is supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science through Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Specially Promoted Research ( 21000002 ) “Extreme Phenomena in the Universe Explored by Highest Energy Cosmic Rays”, and the Inter-University Research Program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research; by the U.S. National Science Foundation awards PHY-0307098 , PHY-0601915 , PHY-0703893 , PHY-0758342 , and PHY-0848320 (Utah) and PHY-0649681 (Rutgers); by the National Research Foundation of Korea ( 2006-0050031 , 2007-0056005 , 2007-0093860 , 2010-0028071 , 2013004883 ); by the Russian Academy of Sciences , RFBR grants 10-02-01406a and 11-02-01528a (INR), IISN project No. 4.4509.10 and Belgian Science Policy under IUAP VI/11 (ULB). The foundations of Dr. Ezekiel R. and Edna Wattis Dumke, Willard L. Eccles and the George S. and Dolores Dore Eccles all helped with generous donations. The State of Utah supported the project through its Economic Development Board, and the University of Utah through the Office of the Vice President for Research. The experimental site became available through the cooperation of the Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration (SITLA), U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Air Force. We also wish to thank the people and the officials of Millard County, Utah, for their steadfast and warm support. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions from the technical staffs of our home institutions and the University of Utah Center for High Performance Computing (CHPC). This work was partially supported by the Research Fund of Hanyang University ( HY-2009-O ). Publisher Copyright: © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

PY - 2014/12/21

Y1 - 2014/12/21

N2 - The stability of the gain of the photomultiplier (PMT) camera for the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Telescope Array experiment was monitored using an 241Am loaded scintillator pulsers (YAP) and a diffused xenon flasher (TXF) for a selected set of 35 PMT-readout channels. From the monitoring of YAP pulses over four years of FD operation, we found slow monotonic drifts of PMT gains at a rate of -1.7∼+1.7%/year. An average of the PMT gains over the 35 channels stayed nearly constant with a rate of change measured at -0.01±0.31(stat)±0.21(sys)%/year. No systematic decrease of the PMT gain caused by the night sky background was observed. Monitoring by the TXF also tracked the PMT gain drift of the YAP at 0.88±0.14(stat)%/year.

AB - The stability of the gain of the photomultiplier (PMT) camera for the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Telescope Array experiment was monitored using an 241Am loaded scintillator pulsers (YAP) and a diffused xenon flasher (TXF) for a selected set of 35 PMT-readout channels. From the monitoring of YAP pulses over four years of FD operation, we found slow monotonic drifts of PMT gains at a rate of -1.7∼+1.7%/year. An average of the PMT gains over the 35 channels stayed nearly constant with a rate of change measured at -0.01±0.31(stat)±0.21(sys)%/year. No systematic decrease of the PMT gain caused by the night sky background was observed. Monitoring by the TXF also tracked the PMT gain drift of the YAP at 0.88±0.14(stat)%/year.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84907997555&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84907997555&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.nima.2014.09.059

DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2014.09.059

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84907997555

SN - 0168-9002

VL - 768

SP - 96

EP - 103

JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

ER -

Gain monitoring of telescope array photomultiplier cameras for the first 4 years of operation

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