Factors Affecting Innovation Resistance of Smartphone AI Voice Assistants

This study examined the determinants of innovation resistance to smartphone AI voice assistants. The study also applied structural equation modeling to verify the influences of determinants on innovation resistance by comparing proposed and rival models. Our results show that functional risk and satisfaction with existing technology positively influence innovation resistance while pre-similar technology attitudes and social norms have a negative influence. Furthermore, we confirmed the hierarchical relationship between variables that existing technical satisfaction positively impacts performance risk, and pre-similar technology attitude positively impacts social norms. The theoretical significance of the study’s results reveals that researchers should consider social influence in innovation resistance studies in the new media. Our findings also have implications for the propriety public use of smartphone AI voice assistants as determinants of innovation resistance.