Energy consumption analysis of a residential building with phase change materials under various cooling and heating conditions

Phase change materials (PCMs) absorb or release a large amount of heat when changing phase from solid to liquid or vice versa. When this characteristic of PCM is utilized, it can be employed effectively for energy conversation in buildings. To apply PCM to buildings, the thermal characteristics of PCM must be considered, such as the melting temperature and temperature range of the phase changes. In addition, the characteristics of the heating and cooling system, which influence the cycle of PCM absorbing and releasing heat, should also be taken into account. The purpose of this study was to provide guidelines for a method to apply PCM suitable for Korean residences, which use packaged air conditioners and floor radiant heating systems for cooling and heating, respectively. To accomplish this, the characteristics of cooling and heating energy reduction were analysed according to the application of PCM through simulation, taking into consideration various heating and cooling operating conditions. In addition, thermal conditions for PCM suitable for summer and winter were analysed through case studies, with the melting temperature and temperature range of phase changes as variables.