Effects of increasing particle size of low-density lipoprotein on restenosis after coronary stent implantation

Background Small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has emerged as an important risk factor in coronary atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation, which is related to ncointimal hyperplasia. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether changes in LDL particle size are related to in-stent restenosis (ISR). Methods and Results The LDL sub fraction and lipid profiles were measured in 274 patients (41.2 stents) at both baseline and follow-up coronary angiography (CAG). The incidence of ISR (80 lesions, 19.4%) was lower in the patients with increased LDL particle size than in those with no change or decrease (14.2% vs 25.8%, p= 0.004). Logistic multivariate analysis revealed that stent length (≥24mm) (odds ratio (OR) = 1.913, p = 0.027), post minimal luminal diameter (>3 mm) (OR =0.528, p = 0.028), acute coronary syndrome (OR =2.294, p = 0.005), decrease in high-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (OR = 1.028, p = 0.047) and increase in LDL particle size (OR =0.528, p = 0.031) were independent predictors for ISR. Conclusions In the present study, an increase in the LDL particle size between baseline and follow-up CAG was associated with reduced incidence of ISR. Therefore, modification of LDL particle size may have a beneficial effect on the risk of ISR.