Diversity of North Pacific Meridional Mode and Its Distinct Impacts on El Niño-Southern Oscillation

Jiuwei Zhao; Jong Seong Kug; Jae Heung Park; Soon Il An

doi:10.1029/2020GL088993

Diversity of North Pacific Meridional Mode and Its Distinct Impacts on El Niño-Southern Oscillation

Jiuwei Zhao, Jong Seong Kug, Jae Heung Park, Soon Il An

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

12 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Numerous studies have demonstrated that the North Pacific Meridional Mode (NPMM) plays an important role in determining El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events in the following winter season. However, little attention has been given to significant differences among its spatial patterns. Here we show that the NPMM exhibits a large diversity in spatial patterns, leading to distinct impacts on ENSO. Based on objective clustering analysis, two distinct spatial patterns of NPMM are detected. Cluster 1 (C1) NPMM exhibits a strong sea surface temperature dipole over the subtropical eastern Pacific and midlatitude central Pacific whereas Cluster 2 (C2) features a dipole over the subtropical eastern Pacific and equatorial cold tongue region. We find that the C1 NPMM is strongly linked to following ENSO events while the C2 NPMM has no statistically significant relation. This gives new implications for ENSO dynamics and predictions.

Original language	English
Article number	e2020GL088993
Journal	Geophysical Research Letters
Volume	47
Issue number	19
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088993
Publication status	Published - 2020 Oct 16

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work has been funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant KMIPA 2018‐03212 and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF‐2018R1A5A1024958). Jiuwei Zhao thanks Dr. Xiao Luo and Weiyi Sun for helpful discussion of the clustering method.

Publisher Copyright:
©2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Geophysics
Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)

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10.1029/2020GL088993

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title = "Diversity of North Pacific Meridional Mode and Its Distinct Impacts on El Ni{\~n}o-Southern Oscillation",

abstract = "Numerous studies have demonstrated that the North Pacific Meridional Mode (NPMM) plays an important role in determining El Ni{\~n}o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events in the following winter season. However, little attention has been given to significant differences among its spatial patterns. Here we show that the NPMM exhibits a large diversity in spatial patterns, leading to distinct impacts on ENSO. Based on objective clustering analysis, two distinct spatial patterns of NPMM are detected. Cluster 1 (C1) NPMM exhibits a strong sea surface temperature dipole over the subtropical eastern Pacific and midlatitude central Pacific whereas Cluster 2 (C2) features a dipole over the subtropical eastern Pacific and equatorial cold tongue region. We find that the C1 NPMM is strongly linked to following ENSO events while the C2 NPMM has no statistically significant relation. This gives new implications for ENSO dynamics and predictions.",

author = "Jiuwei Zhao and Kug, {Jong Seong} and Park, {Jae Heung} and An, {Soon Il}",

note = "Funding Information: This work has been funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant KMIPA 2018‐03212 and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF‐2018R1A5A1024958). Jiuwei Zhao thanks Dr. Xiao Luo and Weiyi Sun for helpful discussion of the clustering method. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",

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AU - An, Soon Il

N1 - Funding Information: This work has been funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant KMIPA 2018‐03212 and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF‐2018R1A5A1024958). Jiuwei Zhao thanks Dr. Xiao Luo and Weiyi Sun for helpful discussion of the clustering method. Publisher Copyright: ©2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

PY - 2020/10/16

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N2 - Numerous studies have demonstrated that the North Pacific Meridional Mode (NPMM) plays an important role in determining El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events in the following winter season. However, little attention has been given to significant differences among its spatial patterns. Here we show that the NPMM exhibits a large diversity in spatial patterns, leading to distinct impacts on ENSO. Based on objective clustering analysis, two distinct spatial patterns of NPMM are detected. Cluster 1 (C1) NPMM exhibits a strong sea surface temperature dipole over the subtropical eastern Pacific and midlatitude central Pacific whereas Cluster 2 (C2) features a dipole over the subtropical eastern Pacific and equatorial cold tongue region. We find that the C1 NPMM is strongly linked to following ENSO events while the C2 NPMM has no statistically significant relation. This gives new implications for ENSO dynamics and predictions.

AB - Numerous studies have demonstrated that the North Pacific Meridional Mode (NPMM) plays an important role in determining El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events in the following winter season. However, little attention has been given to significant differences among its spatial patterns. Here we show that the NPMM exhibits a large diversity in spatial patterns, leading to distinct impacts on ENSO. Based on objective clustering analysis, two distinct spatial patterns of NPMM are detected. Cluster 1 (C1) NPMM exhibits a strong sea surface temperature dipole over the subtropical eastern Pacific and midlatitude central Pacific whereas Cluster 2 (C2) features a dipole over the subtropical eastern Pacific and equatorial cold tongue region. We find that the C1 NPMM is strongly linked to following ENSO events while the C2 NPMM has no statistically significant relation. This gives new implications for ENSO dynamics and predictions.

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Diversity of North Pacific Meridional Mode and Its Distinct Impacts on El Niño-Southern Oscillation

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