Development of a 24-Hour Movement Behavior Questionnaire for Youth: Process and Reliability Testing

Objective: To develop and evaluate the reliability of a 24-hour movement behavior questionnaire for physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep for youth in South Korea. Design: Mixed-methods study using literature review, expert panels, pilot tests, and test-retest reliability. Setting: Seoul and Gyeongg-do, South Korea. Participants: A convenience sample of middle and high school students for a pilot test (n = 120) and reliability testing (n = 147). Main Outcome Measures: The reliability of a 24-hour movement behavior questionnaire. Analysis: Cohen's kappa, Spearman, and intraclass correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability testing. Results: The questionnaire consisted of 19 questions in 5 categories: general information, sleep and nap, active transportation-related activity, school life, and free-time activities. The 24-hour movement behavior questionnaire achieved moderate reliability for all sleep, physical activity, and sedentary (r = 0.79, 0.61, 0.56). The amount of sleep, physical activity, and sedentary behavior indicated moderate-to-good rest-retest reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.54 to 0.79 (P < 0.01). Conclusions and Implications: The 24-hour movement behavior questionnaire was reliable for measuring sleep, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in Korean adolescents aged 13–17 years. The development of this questionnaire could facilitate more accurate and useful measurements of adolescent's activities and lifestyles in South Korea.