Chronic In Vivo evaluation of PEDOT/CNT for stable neural recordings

Takashi D.Y. Kozai; Kasey Catt; Zhanhong Du; Kyounghwan Na; Onnop Srivannavit; Razi Ul M. Haque; John Seymour; Kensall D. Wise; Euisik Yoon; Xinyan Tracy Cui

doi:10.1109/TBME.2015.2445713

Chronic In Vivo evaluation of PEDOT/CNT for stable neural recordings

Takashi D.Y. Kozai, Kasey Catt, Zhanhong Du, Kyounghwan Na, Onnop Srivannavit, Razi Ul M. Haque, John Seymour, Kensall D. Wise, Euisik Yoon, Xinyan Tracy Cui

Yonsei Advanced Science Institute

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

127 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Objective: Subcellular-sized chronically implanted recording electrodes have demonstrated significant improvement in single unit (SU) yield over larger recording probes. Additional work expands on this initial success by combining the subcellular fiber-like lattice structures with the design space versatility of silicon microfabrication to further improve the signal-to-noise ratio, density of electrodes, and stability of recorded units over months to years. However, ultrasmall microelectrodes present very high impedance, which must be lowered for SU recordings. While poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) coating have demonstrated great success in acute to early-chronic studies for lowering the electrode impedance, concern exists over long-term stability. Here, we demonstrate a new blend of PEDOT doped with carboxyl functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which shows dramatic improvement over the traditional PEDOT/PSS formula. Methods: Lattice style subcellular electrode arrays were fabricated using previously established method. PEDOT was polymerized with carboxylic acid functionalized carbon nanotubes onto high-impedance (8.0 ± 0.1 MΩ: M ± S.E.) 250-μm² gold recording sites. Results: PEDOT/CNT-coated subcellular electrodes demonstrated significant improvement in chronic spike recording stability over four months compared to PEDOT/PSS recording sites. Conclusion: These results demonstrate great promise for subcellular-sized recording and stimulation electrodes and long-term stability. Significance: This project uses leading-edge biomaterials to develop chronic neural probes that are small (subcellular) with excellent electrical properties for stable long-term recordings. High-density ultrasmall electrodes combined with advanced electrode surface modification are likely to make significant contributions to the development of long-term (permanent), high quality, and selective neural interfaces.

Original language	English
Article number	2445713
Pages (from-to)	111-119
Number of pages	9
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
Volume	63
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2015.2445713
Publication status	Published - 2016 Jan

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
For the microfabrication work, authors would like to thank the LNF staff members for their support and the use of the Lurie Nanofabrication Facility at the University of Michigan. SEM was conducted at the University of Pittsburgh Center for Biological Imaging.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 IEEE.

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Biomedical Engineering

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10.1109/TBME.2015.2445713

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title = "Chronic In Vivo evaluation of PEDOT/CNT for stable neural recordings",

abstract = "Objective: Subcellular-sized chronically implanted recording electrodes have demonstrated significant improvement in single unit (SU) yield over larger recording probes. Additional work expands on this initial success by combining the subcellular fiber-like lattice structures with the design space versatility of silicon microfabrication to further improve the signal-to-noise ratio, density of electrodes, and stability of recorded units over months to years. However, ultrasmall microelectrodes present very high impedance, which must be lowered for SU recordings. While poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) coating have demonstrated great success in acute to early-chronic studies for lowering the electrode impedance, concern exists over long-term stability. Here, we demonstrate a new blend of PEDOT doped with carboxyl functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which shows dramatic improvement over the traditional PEDOT/PSS formula. Methods: Lattice style subcellular electrode arrays were fabricated using previously established method. PEDOT was polymerized with carboxylic acid functionalized carbon nanotubes onto high-impedance (8.0 ± 0.1 MΩ: M ± S.E.) 250-μm2 gold recording sites. Results: PEDOT/CNT-coated subcellular electrodes demonstrated significant improvement in chronic spike recording stability over four months compared to PEDOT/PSS recording sites. Conclusion: These results demonstrate great promise for subcellular-sized recording and stimulation electrodes and long-term stability. Significance: This project uses leading-edge biomaterials to develop chronic neural probes that are small (subcellular) with excellent electrical properties for stable long-term recordings. High-density ultrasmall electrodes combined with advanced electrode surface modification are likely to make significant contributions to the development of long-term (permanent), high quality, and selective neural interfaces.",

author = "Kozai, {Takashi D.Y.} and Kasey Catt and Zhanhong Du and Kyounghwan Na and Onnop Srivannavit and Haque, {Razi Ul M.} and John Seymour and Wise, {Kensall D.} and Euisik Yoon and Cui, {Xinyan Tracy}",

note = "Funding Information: For the microfabrication work, authors would like to thank the LNF staff members for their support and the use of the Lurie Nanofabrication Facility at the University of Michigan. SEM was conducted at the University of Pittsburgh Center for Biological Imaging. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015 IEEE.",

year = "2016",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1109/TBME.2015.2445713",

language = "English",

volume = "63",

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T1 - Chronic In Vivo evaluation of PEDOT/CNT for stable neural recordings

AU - Kozai, Takashi D.Y.

AU - Catt, Kasey

AU - Du, Zhanhong

AU - Na, Kyounghwan

AU - Srivannavit, Onnop

AU - Haque, Razi Ul M.

AU - Seymour, John

AU - Wise, Kensall D.

AU - Yoon, Euisik

AU - Cui, Xinyan Tracy

N1 - Funding Information: For the microfabrication work, authors would like to thank the LNF staff members for their support and the use of the Lurie Nanofabrication Facility at the University of Michigan. SEM was conducted at the University of Pittsburgh Center for Biological Imaging. Publisher Copyright: © 2015 IEEE.

PY - 2016/1

Y1 - 2016/1

N2 - Objective: Subcellular-sized chronically implanted recording electrodes have demonstrated significant improvement in single unit (SU) yield over larger recording probes. Additional work expands on this initial success by combining the subcellular fiber-like lattice structures with the design space versatility of silicon microfabrication to further improve the signal-to-noise ratio, density of electrodes, and stability of recorded units over months to years. However, ultrasmall microelectrodes present very high impedance, which must be lowered for SU recordings. While poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) coating have demonstrated great success in acute to early-chronic studies for lowering the electrode impedance, concern exists over long-term stability. Here, we demonstrate a new blend of PEDOT doped with carboxyl functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which shows dramatic improvement over the traditional PEDOT/PSS formula. Methods: Lattice style subcellular electrode arrays were fabricated using previously established method. PEDOT was polymerized with carboxylic acid functionalized carbon nanotubes onto high-impedance (8.0 ± 0.1 MΩ: M ± S.E.) 250-μm2 gold recording sites. Results: PEDOT/CNT-coated subcellular electrodes demonstrated significant improvement in chronic spike recording stability over four months compared to PEDOT/PSS recording sites. Conclusion: These results demonstrate great promise for subcellular-sized recording and stimulation electrodes and long-term stability. Significance: This project uses leading-edge biomaterials to develop chronic neural probes that are small (subcellular) with excellent electrical properties for stable long-term recordings. High-density ultrasmall electrodes combined with advanced electrode surface modification are likely to make significant contributions to the development of long-term (permanent), high quality, and selective neural interfaces.

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Chronic In Vivo evaluation of PEDOT/CNT for stable neural recordings

Abstract

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