Change in masticatory ability with the implant restoration of second molars

Statement of problem Controversy exists as to whether missing second molars should be replaced to restore masticatory ability. Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze the alteration in masticatory ability associated with the implant restoration of the second molar; the subjective effect of implant treatment on the participant was also assessed. Material and methods Twenty-one individuals (13 men and 8 women) participated. Masticatory ability was recorded before the cementation of implant-supported single crowns, immediately after cementation, and 1 month after cementation. The occlusal load (Pa), the load-bearing contact area (mm²), and the maximum occlusal force (N) were calculated. A subjective evaluation of masticatory ability was conducted before treatment and 1 month after treatment through the use of a questionnaire to evaluate chewing difficulties and global satisfaction with treatment. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze the difference in scores. Results The load-bearing contact area, maximum occlusal force, and participant satisfaction were found to increase significantly 1 month after the cementation of implant-supported single crowns. The restoration of the second molar with an implant increased both objective masticatory ability and subjective satisfaction 1 month after cementation of the implant-supported single crowns. Conclusions Patients presenting with a missing second molar may benefit from replacement with implant-supported crowns. Longer study periods and larger sample populations are needed to obtain more definitive results.