Cerium doping of 45S5 bioactive glass improves redox potential and cellular bioactivity

45S5 Bioglass (BG) is composed of a glass network with silicate based on the component and can be doped with various therapeutic ions for the enhancement of hard tissue therapy. Nanoceria (CeO₂) has been shown to indicate redox reaction and enhance the biological response. However, few studies focus on the proportion of CeO₂-doped and its effect on the cellular bioactivity of CeO₂-doped BG (CBG). In this study, we synthesized the CBG series with increasing amounts of doping CeO₂ ranging (1 to 12) wt.%. The synthesized CBG series examined the characterization, mineralization capacity, and cellular activity against BG. Our results showed that the CBG series exhibited a glass structure and indicated the redox states between Ce³⁺ and Ce⁴⁺, thus they showed the antioxidant activity by characterization of Ce. The CBG series had a stable glass network structure similar to BG, which showed the preservation of bioactivity by exhibiting mineralization on the surface. In terms of biological response, although the CBG series showed the proliferative activity of pre-osteoblastic cells similar to BG, the CBG series augmented not only the alkaline phosphatase activity but also the osteogenic marker in the mRNA level. As stimulated the osteogenic activity, the CBG series improved the biomineralization. In conclusion, the CBG series might have a potential application for hard tissue therapeutic purposes.