Bismuthene Metallurgy: Transformation of Bismuth Particles to Ultrahigh-Aspect-Ratio 2D Microsheets

Ultrathin bismuth exhibits promising performance for topological insulators due to its narrow band gap and intrinsic strong spin–orbit coupling, as well as for energy-related applications because of its electronic and mechanical properties. However, large-scale production of 2D sheets via liquid-phase exfoliation as an established large-scale method is restricted by the strong interaction between bismuth layers. Here, a sonication method is utilized to produce ultrahigh-aspect-ratio bismuthene microsheets. The studies on the mechanism excludes the exfoliation of the layered bulk bismuth and formation of the microsheets is attributed to the melting of spherical particles (r = 1.5 µm) at a high temperature—generated under the ultrasonic tip—followed by a recrystallization step producing uniformly-shaped ultrathin microsheets (A = 0.5–2 µm², t: ≈2 nm). Notably, although the preparation is performed in oxygenated aqueous solution, the sheets are not oxidized, and they are stable under ambient conditions for at least 1 month. The microsheets are used to construct a vapor sensor using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as detection technique. The device is highly selective, and it shows long-term stability. Overall, this project exhibits a reproducible method for large-scale preparation of ultrathin bismuthene microsheets in a benign environment, demonstrating opportunities to realize devices based on bismuthene.