Age as a risk factor for steroid-induced ocular hypertension in the non-paediatric population

Background/aims To evaluate the age-related risk of steroid-induced ocular hypertension by analysing intraocular pressure (IOP) changes after intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX, Ozurdex) implant injection. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted among patients (n=455; 570 eyes) who had received DEX injection. IOP was measured prior to injection and after 1 week and 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months. Results were divided into seven categories based on patient age: 16-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, 71-80 and 81-90 years. The IOP elevation rate was compared among the groups. Results The IOP elevation rate was 42.9% in patients aged ≤30 years (35.3%, 28.3%, 14.9%, 12.2%, 8.4% and 9.1% in the 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, 71-80 and 81-90 groups, respectively). Regardless of how IOP was measured, there was an increasing trend in the incidence of IOP elevation with decreasing age. Furthermore, there was a significant stepwise increase in the OR with decreasing age groups. After the 51-60 group was set as the reference point, the ORs (95% CIs) were 5.048 (1.436 to 17.747), 3.671 (1.101 to 12.238), 2.538 (1.043 to 6.178), 0.947 (0.431 to 2.078), 0.713 (0.312 to 1.626) and 0.646 (0.137 to 3.048) in the ≤30, 31-40, 41-50, 61-70, 71-80 and 81-90 groups, respectively. Conclusion The rate of adverse elevations in IOP after steroid use was significantly lower in older patients than in younger patients. Therefore, caution is required when prescribing steroids to younger patients (<51 years).