Adaptive triangular deployment of underwater wireless acoustic sensor network considering the underwater environment

In this paper, we propose an adaptive triangular deployment algorithm that can adjust sensor distribution depending on the variation in communication performance in an underwater environment. To predict the distance between sensor nodes, a performance surface model is implemented by estimating the communication performance based on spatio-temporal environment factors affecting the communication performance of the underwater sensor node. Subsequently, the performance surface model is applied to the adaptive triangular deployment algorithm and is used to control the distance between nodes. Therefore, underwater wireless sensor networks deployed with adaptive triangular deployment algorithms can achieve a maximum connectivity rate with an optimal number of nodes.