3D-printed Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrodes

Nasuha Rohaizad; Carmen C. Mayorga-Martinez; Filip Novotný; Richard D. Webster; Martin Pumera

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2019.05.010

3D-printed Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrodes

Nasuha Rohaizad, Carmen C. Mayorga-Martinez, Filip Novotný, Richard D. Webster, Martin Pumera

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

55 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers the advantages of customisation, reproducibility and rapid production. In parallel, there is a demand for electrochemical components designed for miniaturisation or customisation of devices. Herein we report a straightforward, fast and simple method to prepare an Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrode primarily based on 3D printing using a graphene/polylactic acid filament. The fabrication process involves electrodeposition of silver followed by bleaching to form AgCl on the surface of the electrode. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirm the fabrication process. Open circuit potential measurements against commercial Ag/AgCl reference electrodes reveal a difference of 14 ± 0.3 mV. Nonetheless, the values are stable and reproducible, fulfilling the necessary requirements of a reference electrode. The performance of the 3D-printed pseudo-reference electrode was tested via cyclic voltammetry in two redox systems, [Fe(CN)₆]³ ⁻ ^/4 ⁻ and [Ru(NH₃)₆]^2+/3+. Fabrication of stable 3D-printed reference electrodes represents a key step in the production of fully 3D-printable electrochemical systems.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	104-108
Number of pages	5
Journal	Electrochemistry Communications
Volume	103
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2019.05.010
Publication status	Published - 2019 Jun

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
M.P. acknowledges the financial support of Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (EXPRO: 19-26896X ).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Authors

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Electrochemistry

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10.1016/j.elecom.2019.05.010

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title = "3D-printed Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrodes",

abstract = "Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers the advantages of customisation, reproducibility and rapid production. In parallel, there is a demand for electrochemical components designed for miniaturisation or customisation of devices. Herein we report a straightforward, fast and simple method to prepare an Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrode primarily based on 3D printing using a graphene/polylactic acid filament. The fabrication process involves electrodeposition of silver followed by bleaching to form AgCl on the surface of the electrode. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirm the fabrication process. Open circuit potential measurements against commercial Ag/AgCl reference electrodes reveal a difference of 14 ± 0.3 mV. Nonetheless, the values are stable and reproducible, fulfilling the necessary requirements of a reference electrode. The performance of the 3D-printed pseudo-reference electrode was tested via cyclic voltammetry in two redox systems, [Fe(CN)6]3 − /4 − and [Ru(NH3)6]2+/3+. Fabrication of stable 3D-printed reference electrodes represents a key step in the production of fully 3D-printable electrochemical systems.",

author = "Nasuha Rohaizad and Mayorga-Martinez, {Carmen C.} and Filip Novotn{\'y} and Webster, {Richard D.} and Martin Pumera",

note = "Funding Information: M.P. acknowledges the financial support of Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (EXPRO: 19-26896X ). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 The Authors",

year = "2019",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1016/j.elecom.2019.05.010",

language = "English",

volume = "103",

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T1 - 3D-printed Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrodes

AU - Rohaizad, Nasuha

AU - Mayorga-Martinez, Carmen C.

AU - Novotný, Filip

AU - Webster, Richard D.

AU - Pumera, Martin

PY - 2019/6

Y1 - 2019/6

N2 - Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers the advantages of customisation, reproducibility and rapid production. In parallel, there is a demand for electrochemical components designed for miniaturisation or customisation of devices. Herein we report a straightforward, fast and simple method to prepare an Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrode primarily based on 3D printing using a graphene/polylactic acid filament. The fabrication process involves electrodeposition of silver followed by bleaching to form AgCl on the surface of the electrode. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirm the fabrication process. Open circuit potential measurements against commercial Ag/AgCl reference electrodes reveal a difference of 14 ± 0.3 mV. Nonetheless, the values are stable and reproducible, fulfilling the necessary requirements of a reference electrode. The performance of the 3D-printed pseudo-reference electrode was tested via cyclic voltammetry in two redox systems, [Fe(CN)6]3 − /4 − and [Ru(NH3)6]2+/3+. Fabrication of stable 3D-printed reference electrodes represents a key step in the production of fully 3D-printable electrochemical systems.

AB - Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers the advantages of customisation, reproducibility and rapid production. In parallel, there is a demand for electrochemical components designed for miniaturisation or customisation of devices. Herein we report a straightforward, fast and simple method to prepare an Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrode primarily based on 3D printing using a graphene/polylactic acid filament. The fabrication process involves electrodeposition of silver followed by bleaching to form AgCl on the surface of the electrode. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirm the fabrication process. Open circuit potential measurements against commercial Ag/AgCl reference electrodes reveal a difference of 14 ± 0.3 mV. Nonetheless, the values are stable and reproducible, fulfilling the necessary requirements of a reference electrode. The performance of the 3D-printed pseudo-reference electrode was tested via cyclic voltammetry in two redox systems, [Fe(CN)6]3 − /4 − and [Ru(NH3)6]2+/3+. Fabrication of stable 3D-printed reference electrodes represents a key step in the production of fully 3D-printable electrochemical systems.

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JO - Electrochemistry Communications

JF - Electrochemistry Communications

ER -

3D-printed Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrodes

Abstract

Bibliographical note

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

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