Which is the worst risk factor for the long-term clinical outcome? Comparison of long-term clinical outcomes between antecedent hypertension and diabetes mellitus in South Korean acute myocardial infarction patients after stent implantation

Background: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) are major risk factors for the cardiovascular disease. In this retrospective cohort study, we compared the long-term clinical outcomes between antecedent hypertension and DM in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients after stent implantation. Methods: A total of 32 938 eligible AMI patients were enrolled and divided into the four groups according to the presence or absence of hypertension and DM (hypertension −/DM −[group A, 13 773 patients], hypertension +/DM −[group B, 10 395 patients], hypertension −/DM + [group C, 3050 patients], and hypertension +/DM + [group D, 5720 patients]). The clinical endpoint was the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) defined as all-cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction (Re-MI) and any repeat revascularization during the 2-year follow-up period. Results: After adjustment, the cumulative incidence of MACEs (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.232; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.982-1.567; P =.071), all-cause death, and e-MI Re-MI were similar between the group B and C. However, the cumulative incidences of any repeat revascularization (aHR, 1.438; 95% CI, 1.062-1.997; P =.007), target lesion revascularization (TLR) (aHR, 2.467; 95% CI, 1.552-3.922; P <.001), and target vessel revascularization (TVR) (aHR, 1.671; 95% CI, 1.256-2.222; P <.001) were significantly higher in group C compared with group B. Conclusions: This large number of a nonrandomized and multicenter cohort study clearly demonstrated the detrimental impacts of the hypertension and diabetes on long-term clinical outcomes. Moreover, higher incidence of repeat revascularization after PCI in diabetic AMI patients a major concern until recently.